Definition: Any radio signal with a fractional bandwidth >20% or an absolute bandwidth > 500MHz are UWB. ultra-wideband(UWB) sensors use electromagnetic waves of very low power. they have a high resolution and an excellent accuracy Due to the large bandwidth. they provide the options for an improved target recognition and material characterisation.Ultra-wideband sensors gather the data either from some some distance to the object or in a slack contact. Resolution and accuracy are the parameters in sensor technology. Accuracy concerns the feature to register small object dislocations respectively to localise a known object.Resolution qualifies the ability of the sensor to discriminate between two small and adjacent objects.
Applications:
1)non-destructive testing in civil engineering
2)surface penetrating radar (geology, archaeology, hydrology, mining, underground engineering)
3)Industrial sensing
4)moisture sensing
5)medical imaging
6)material characterisation by impedance spectroscopy
Enhancing homeland security with advanced UWB sensors:
recent research into short-range UWB radars that have the potential to create more robust perimeter security sensor systems for exterior installations. a technical precedent for today's research is also established by existing UWB sensors. The Short Range Radar can have applications like Ground Penetrating Radar, Anti-terrorist and Military (Through Wall Radar) and for rescuing Earthquake victims. It can provide high security for power plants, reservoirs and other critical infrastructures by detecting unauthorized intrusion. Compared to other Doppler radars these have very high resolution because of wide band width, and these have good propagation through many materials because of low frequency of operation.Through-Wall Motion Detection Radars are used for law enforcement, and home land security.These sensors give information about the targets even in the presence of clutter and also tracks slow moving targets.
Ultra-wideband precision asset location system:
The PAL(precision asset location) system was developed to assess the capability of UWB geolocation to operate in severe multipath shipboard environments.It was based on an earlier UWB relative-time-of-arrival (RTOA) transceiver location system and was extended to a differential-time-of-arrival (DTOA) beacon architecture required for longer tag battery life.A reference laser surveying system was installed for comparison and accuracy tests which were conducted over a cargo space.
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