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simulating for routing protocol(bgp) in java

Abstract—This paper presents a framework for developingand executing Java routing protocol implementations within thenetwork simulator NS2. NS2 provides extensive support fordeveloping C++ routing protocols, but has no Java support. Inthis paper, we describe extensions we have made to the AgentJtoolkit that enable routing protocols to be integrated directlyinto NS2 without needing to extend the internals of NS2 for eachnew protocol. The framework defines a reusable AgentJ routingprotocol definition that can be used to register new protocolsdynamically from within Java code. The actual routing protocolcan then leverage the AgentJ toolkit for executing unmodifiedJava applications in NS2. By means of aspect-oriented byte-code rewriting, AgentJ allows preexisting Java routing protocols,which run on the Internet, to run unmodified within NS2.This powerful system also helps researchers to both understandhigh-level and algorithmic properties of a given Java routingprotocol through the analysis of an NS2 simulation and to rapidlydevelop and debug new routing protocols through prototypingand experimentation. I. INTRODUCTIONAn important step when designing and developing a newrouting protocol is often to verify its behavior in a networksimulator, such as NS2 [1]. While network simulators havetheir limits, especially in terms of the fidelity of the lowerlayers and, for wireless network interfaces, the fidelity ofthe propagation model used for representing the behavior ofradio waves, their use facilitates the understanding of high-level and algorithmic properties of a given routing protocol. Inparticular, in the area of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs),simulations are often easier to perform than building a largetestbed network of nodes, simulating mobility, and guarantee-ing the reproducibility of predefined scenarios. Using NS2,scenarios can be defined to simulate not only the networktraffic but also the underlying mobility patterns that affectsignal strengths between nodes as the scenario progresses.However, NS2 requires that a routing protocol is implementedin C++, which not only restricts a programmer’s languagechoice but also limits the simulations that can be performedfor a specific application to be tested; that is, NS2 requiresdevelopers to discretize their application into a sequence ofevents for simulation, rather than running actual code.Recently, however, there has been a toolkit, developed bythe Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), called AgentJ [2],which allows Java applications to be run unaltered withinNS2. AgentJ is a set of instrumentation classes that en-able unmodified Java applications, which currently run onconventional networks and operating systems such as Linuxor Mac OS, to be used within an NS2 simulation. AgentJuses a combination of Java bytecode rewriting and aspectoriented programming techniques, to convert socket, I/O andtiming APIs into low-level C++ methods that bind to thevarious NS2 counterparts. AgentJ therefore takes an “as-is”Java multithreaded application and converts it into a thread-synchronized “serial” NS2 version, capable of running within asingle-threaded discrete time network simulation environment.However, AgentJ originally only targeted the application layeragents, and did not consider the encapsulation of the NS2routing agents as well. In this paper, we discuss the extensionswe made to the AgentJ architecture, which enable it to use Javarouting protocols within the NS2 environment and illustratethis routing architecture through the use of specific examplesthat show how to instantiate and run a new Java routingprotocol implemented in NS2.The paper is organized as follows: After describing relatedworks in section II, and explaining the basic functionalitiesof AgentJ in section III, section IV details how to use thepresented routing protocol extension to AgentJ. Section Vdescribes the architecture of the extension. Section VI analyzesthe performance of the extension, and section VII summarizesthe features of AgentJ with the extension


When designing a new routing protocol, an important step in its developmentis often to implement and experiment with it in a network simulator such asNS2 [1]. While network simulators have their limits, especially in terms ofthe fidelity of the lower layers and – for wireless network interfaces – in thefidelity of the propagation model used for representing the behavior of physicalradio waves, their use is often allowing to understand high-level and algorithmicproperties of a given routing protocol. In particular in the area of Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs), simulations are easier to perform than building alarge test network of nodes, simulate mobility, and guarantee reproducibilityof predefined scenarios. Using NS2 as network simulator requires the routingprotocol to be implemented in C++. However, there is a tool called AgentJwhich allows for running Java applications within NS2.In particular, AgentJ enables to run unmodified and preexisting Java appli-cations that work on top of an operating system such as Linux or Mac OS alsoon NS2. AgentJ rewrites all calls related to socket operations, I/O and threadhandling, such that the Java application “as-is” interoperates with NS2.AgentJ was originally developed only for application layer agents, and notfor routing agents. In this document, the necessary changes to the AgentJarchitecture are described that enable to use Java routing protocols within NS2,as well as detailed instructions on how to instantiate and run in NS2 a newrouting protocol implemented in Java