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GPRS operators can transform their data networks from a simple IP traffic medium to a rich service delivery channel by deploying an intelligent GGSN

INTRODUCTION

For many years, mobile network technology - the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) - has been the dominant means of making voice calls when away from home or the office. Today, mobile packet data networks are just starting to be deployed and have yet to be widely adopted. However, there are ambitious hopes for this technology.

World standards bodies, such as the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), have defined the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) architecture for second generation GSM, and the packet domain architecture for the Third Generation Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (3G UMTS).1 Unlike telephony, which has been enhanced by numerous revenue-generating supplementary services, such as call transfer, voice mail and the Short Message Service (SMS), packet data transmission provides few supplementary services, making it necessary for operators to earn revenue primarily from basic data transport. Although the standard has defined mechanisms for providing supplementary packet services based on intelligent network architecture and the Customized Applications for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) protocol, their functionality remains limited, particularly when it comes to differentiated charging systems.

In addition, a growing number of service providers are interacting directly with users in a manner that is totally transparent to the network, based on the internet philosophy of locating intelligence at the ends, thereby requiring the minimum of network services. Examples include downloading video and audio clips, games, ring tones, screen savers and MP3 files. The GPRS operator has no part to play and is thus reduced to the role of a simple "pipe" supplier.

The challenge for cellular operators will be to evolve to become suppliers of high added value services. Naturally, mobile operators can offer their own "end-to-end" services. In addition, because of their position as infrastructure managers, they can offer profitable enhancements linked to data transport. The Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) can help mobile packet network operators to achieve this aim.


Evolution Paths for the GGSN

The GGSN can play a major part in the mobile operator's strategy of evolving from simply being a "pipe" provider to a deliverer/enabler of mobile data services

Part of the subscriber's data experience

Some new services undoubtedly belong to the mobile operator's domain (e.g. content servers and applications). Nevertheless, a major part of the content will be created by third parties. Content services, such as gaming, music, audio and video streaming, are best provided by content partners whose core business is built around creating and/or managing compelling content. Network operators' profitability can partly come from offering an intelligent delivery channel to a large number of content partners.



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Cisco GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node: Connectivity for the UMTS/HSPA Packet Core

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Cisco GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node: Connectivity for the UMTS/HSPA Packet Core




Mobile subscribers want access to email, the Internet, mobile TV, video on demand, instant messaging, and other multimedia services through a mobile broadband connection.
This requires mobile operators to deploy a robust, scalable packet core network capable of processing massive amounts of throughput with exceptional reliability and availability.
Cisco GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node has become the choice for many of the world's most innovative 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network operators deploying GSM, Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS), and High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) networks. Supported on the Cisco® ASR 5000, the GGSN delivers exceptional throughput, call transaction rates, and packet processing, along with significant memory resources. With its subscriber and network intelligence, reliability, and availability, the GGSN allows mobile operators to focus on building high-margin revenue streams without worrying about the packet core.
Cisco's GGSN acts as the gateway between the packet core and the external packet- or IP-based network, such as the Internet. Located at the heart of the mobile packet core network, the GGSN plays a critical role in policy enforcement, network protection, security, quality of service (QoS) enforcement, and interaction with charging and billing systems. It can also be combined with Cisco SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node on a single platform to maximize efficiency and flexibility, reduce latency, and simplify network architecture.

Network Migration
Cisco's GGSN supports major standards for deployment in GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/WCDMA/HSPA networks. With simple software upgrades, Cisco's GGSN can support present and future 3GPP technologies to protect your investments as your network evolves to support Long Term Evolution (LTE)/Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and multi-access requirements (Wi-Fi, femtocell, etc.).

In-line Services
The Cisco ASR 5000 platform features the unique capability to deploy services "in-line," meaning the services are integrated into the bearer traffic plane at the edge of the packet core network. This capability provides in-depth session awareness that allows network management on a per-subscriber basis and deployment of content-aware applications. Tasks are performed without introducing latency, session interruption, or other kinds of signal degradation.
Cisco's In-line Services use deep packet inspection and intelligent traffic steering to offer the following:

• Enhanced traffic monitoring, metering, and charging (interaction with standard RADIUS and GPRS Tunneling Protocol [GTP] charging and billing systems)

• Application detection and optimization for peer-to-peer (P2P) detection and control

• Network-based traffic optimization to achieve QoS based on volume, usage, time-of-day, and traffic type

• Stateful firewall

• Content filtering for parental control, black/white listing
Figure 1 shows how Cisco's GGSN delivers enhanced voice, data, and multimedia services for GPRS/UMTS networks.

Figure 1. Cisco GGSN as the Service Delivery Gateway


Features and Benefits

• In-depth session awareness allows network management on per-subscriber basis and deployment of content-aware applications

• Interaction with standard RADIUS and GTP charging and billing systems

• Intelligence features perform tasks without introducing latency, session interruption, or other kinds of signal degradation

• Can be combined with SGSN on a single platform to maximize efficiency and flexibility, reduce latency, and simplify network architecture

• High-value In-line Services increase revenue opportunities and network efficiency

Table 1. GGSN Features

Description
Specification

Interfaces • Gigabit Ethernet
• Fast Ethernet

Authentication, authorization, and accounting • RADIUS authentication
• RADIUS and GPRS Transparent Tunneling Protocol (GTTP) accounting

Connectivity • Secondary Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context support
• Network-initiated PDP context activation (PDP type IP only)
• HSDPA support to 16 Mbps
• 3GPP Gy Diameter credit control application interface
• 3GPP R7 Gx+ policy interface

IP address allocation • Local pools
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• RADIUS
• GTP support
• GTP v0 and v1
• GTP v0 to v1 fall back/fall forward conversion
• GTP' v1 and v2

VPN and tunneling • Multiple virtual router support
• IPsec
• L2TP Access Concentrator (LAC) and L2TP Network Server (LNS)
• PPP regeneration: PDP type IP sessions into Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) tunnel
• IP-in-IP tunneling
• Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) tunneling
• 802.1q VLANs

Routing • Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
• Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP4)

Enhanced applications • Paging controller
• Location register
• Enhanced content charging
• Content filtering/parental control
• Stateful firewall
• Peer-to-peer (P2P) detection and control




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