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12-12-2017, 01:39 AM

seminor topics for irrigation engineering

jaseela123d · 12-12-2017, 09:17 AM

Drip irrigation also known as drip irrigation or micro irrigation, is one of the methods of underground irrigation to apply water or the frequent application of water to crops through small emitters in the vicinity of the root zone, wetting a limited amount of surface and depth of soil. The theory behind drip irrigation is to apply enough moisture to the root of crops to prevent water stress. An important difference between the drip system and most other systems is that the balance between crop evapotranspiration and applied water is maintained for limited periods of 24 to 72 hours. The conversion of sprinklers to drip irrigation can reduce the use of water by 50% and double the yield. This is the result of improved water use and fertility and the reduction of disease and weed pressure.

Drip irrigation can help you use water efficiently. A well designed drip irrigation system virtually does not lose water by runoff, deep percolation or evaporation. Drip irrigation reduces water contact with the leaves, stems and fruits of the crop. Therefore, conditions may be less favorable for the onset of diseases. Irrigation scheduling can be handled with precision to meet crop demands while maintaining the promise of higher yield and quality. Growers and irrigation professionals often refer to "subsurface drip irrigation" or SDI.

With SDI, the efficiency in the use of water is maximized because there is even less evaporation or runoff. Agricultural chemicals can be applied more efficiently with drip irrigation. As only the root zone of the crop is irrigated, the nitrogen that is already in the soil is less subject to losses by leaching, and the applied fertilizer N can be used more efficiently. In the case of insecticides, it is possible that less product is needed.

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