Plzz send me the full seminar report on nanoantennas to taskeenzoya1[at]Gmail.com

Abstract
The nanowires its small gold squares or spirals placed in a specially processed form of polyethylene, to the material used in plastic bags. While others have succeeded in inventing antennas that collect energy from low frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as microwaves, infrared rays have proven to be more elusive.

Description of Nanoantenna

Part of the reason is that the properties of the materials change drastically in high frequency wavelengths. The researchers studied the behavior of various materials - including gold, manganese and copper - under infrared rays and used the resulting data to construct computer models of nanoantenas. On the other hand, with the correct materials, shape and size, simulated nanoantenas could harvest up to 92 percent of energy in infrared wavelengths.

The ability of nanoparticles to absorb infrared radiation converts them into promising cooling devices. Since objects give off heat as infrared rays, nanoanthenes can collect these rays and re-emit energy at harmless wavelengths. Such a system could cool the buildings and computers without external power supply required by air conditioners and fans.

But more technological progress is needed before nanoantenas can channel their energy into usable electricity. Infrared rays create alternating currents in nanowires that oscillate thousands of times per second, requiring a component called rectifier to convert alternating current to direct current. Rectifiers today can not handle high frequencies. The nano-scale rectifier should be about 1000 times smaller than current commercial devices and will require new manufacturing methods. Another possibility is to develop electrical circuits which can slow down the current at usable frequencies.

If these technical obstacles can be overcome, nanoantenas have and potential to be a less expensive and more efficient alternative to solar cells.

The nanoantena, as normal antenna, receives electromagnetic radiation. But the characteristic, the nanoantena receives a higher frequency and a shorter wavelength. Therefore, it can take care of light (frequency of the highest light than the frequencies of the radio wave). In fact, light is defined as the portion of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, responsible for the sensation of sight.

Visible light is a longitudinal wave in a range of about 380 or 400 nanometers about 760 or 780 nm, with a frequency range of about 405 THz to 790 THz. It should be noted that the electromagnetic radiation comprises magnetic and electrical field components which oscillate in phase perpendicular to each other (see FIG. 1) perpendicularly to the direction of propagation of the energy. The behavior of the EM radiation depends on its longitudinal wave. Higher frequencies have shorter wavelengths, and low frequencies have longer wavelengths (frequency and wavelength have a relationship between the two).

When EM radiation interacts with individual atoms and molecules, their behavior depends on the amount of energy they carry.

The nanoantena consisted of very important parts: the ground plane, the optical resonance cavity and the antenna. The antenna absorbs the electromagnetic wave, the ground plane acts to reflect the light towards the antenna and the cavity of the optical resonance curve concentrates the light towards the antenna towards the ground planes.