seminar report regenerative shock absorber pdf
#1

INTRODUCTION

A shock absorber is a mechanical device (one kind of dashpot) designed to smooth out or damp shock impulse, and dissipate kinetic energy
The shock absorber's duty is to absorb or dissipate energy. One design consideration, when designing or choosing a shock absorber, is where that energy will go. In most dashpots, energy is converted to heat inside the viscous fluid. In hydraulic cylinders, the hydraulic fluid will heat up, while in air cylinders, the hot air is usually exhausted to the atmosphere. In other types of dashpots, such as electromagnetic types, the dissipated energy can be stored and used later. In general terms, shock absorbers help cushion vehicles on uneven roads.
For a smooth and comfortable ride the disturbing forces should be eliminated or reduced considerably by using some devices. Shock absorbers are such devices which isolate the vibrations by absorbing some disturbing energy themselves .Automobiles and trucks have shock absorbers to damp out the vibration experienced due to roughness of the roads. Of the many types telescopic shocks are widely used which has got the draw back that the flow of oil in the cylinder can cause foam of oil and air to form. However, energy in conventional shock absorbers gets dissipated as heat and is not used in any way. Regenerative electro- magnetic shock absorbers provide a means for recovering the energy dissipated in shock absorbers.
A regenerative shock absorber is a type of shock absorber that converts parasitic intermittent linear motion and vibration into useful energy, such as electricity When used in an electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle the electricity generated by the shock absorber can be diverted to its power train to increase battery life. In non-electric vehicles the electricity can be used to power accessories such as air conditioning. Several different systems have been developed recently, though they are still in stages of development and not installed on production vehicles. Two configurations of regenerative electromagnetic shock absorber have been developed for this purpose: a linear device and a rotary device. This type of system uses a linear motor/generator consisting of a stack of permanent magnets and coils to generate electricity. This system was further developed at Tufts University has been licensed to Electric Truck, LLC, and preliminary data suggests 20% to 70% of the energy normally lost in the suspension can be recaptured with this system .

NEED FOR SHOCK ABSORBERS

Springs alone cannot provide a satisfactorily smooth ride. Therefore an additional device called a “shock absorber” is used with each spring. Consider the action of a coil spring. The spring is under an initial load provided by the weight of the vehicle. This gives the spring an original amount of compression. When the wheel passes over a bump, the spring becomes further compressed. After the bump is passed the spring attempts to return to its original position. However it over rides its original position and expands too much. This behaviour causes the vehicle frame to be thrown upward. Having expanded too much, the spring attempts to compress that it will return to its original position; but in compressing it again overrides. In doing this the wheel may be raised clear of the road and the frame consequently drops. The result is an oscillating motion of the spring that causes the wheel to rebound or bounce up and down several times, after a bump is encountered. If, in the mean time, another bump is encountered, a second series of rebounding will be started. On a bumpy road, and particularly in rounding a curve, the oscillations might be so serious as to cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle.
A shock absorber is basically a hydraulic damping mechanism for controlling spring vibrations. It controls spring movements in both directions: when the spring is compressed and when it is extended, the amount of resistance needed in each direction is determined by the type of vehicle, the type of suspension, the location of the shock absorber in the suspension system and the position in which it is mounted. Shock absorbers are a critical product that determines an automobile’s character not only by improving ride quality but also by functioning to control the attitude and stability of the automobile body.

SHOCK ABSORBER ACTION

Shock absorbers develop control or resistance by forcing fluid through restricted passages. A cross-sectional view of a typical shock absorber is shown below. Its main components and working is also given below.
The upper mounting is attached to a piston rod. The piston rod is attached to a piston and rebound valve assembly. A rebound chamber is located above the piston and a compression chamber below the piston. These chambers are full of hydraulic fluid. A compression intake valve is positioned in the bottom of the cylinder and connected hydraulically to a reserve chamber also full of hydraulic fluid. The lower mounting is attached to the cylinder tube in which the piston operates.
During compression, the movement of the shock absorber causes the piston to move downward with respect to the cylinder tube, transferring fluid from the compression chamber to the rebound chamber. This is accomplished by fluid moving through the outer piston hole and unseating the piston intake valve.
During rebound, the pressure in the compression chamber falls below that of the reserve chamber. As a result, the compression valve will unseat and allow fluid to flow from the reserve chamber into the compression chamber. At the same time, fluid in the rebound chamber will be transferred into the compression chamber through the inner piston holes and the rebound valve.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SHOCK ABSORBER

Shock absorbers are an important part of automobile and motorcycle suspensions, aircraft landing gear, and the supports for many industrial machines. Large shock absorbers have also been used in structural engineering to reduce the susceptibility of structures to earthquake damage and resonance. A transverse mounted shock absorber, called a yaw damper, helps keep railcars from swaying excessively from side to side and are important in passenger railroads, commuter rail and rapid transit systems because they prevent railcars from damaging station platforms.

INTRODUCTION

An electromagnetic shock absorber for a vehicle, comprising: a wheel-side member to be connected to a wheel holder that holds a wheel of the vehicle ;a body-side member to be connected to a mount portion that is provided in a body of the vehicle, and movable relative to said wheel-side member upon a movement of said wheel holder and said mount portion toward and away from each other.
A damping force generator having an electromagnetic motor that includes a stationary element and a movable element movable relative to each other, said stationary element having an electromagnetic coil, said movable element having a permanent magnet, said damping force generator being capable of generating, based on a force generated by said electromagnetic motor, a damping force acting against a relative movement of said wheel-side member and said body-side member, wherein said electromagnetic motor has an axis that extends in a both-members-relative-movement direction as a direction of the relative movement of said wheel-side member and said body-side member, wherein said stationary element is supported by said wheel-side member via an elastic body such that said stationary element is movable relative to said wheel-side member in the both-members-relative-movement direction.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates in general to a shock absorber that constitutes a vehicle suspension system, and more particularly to an electromagnetic shock absorber having an electromagnetic motor and capable of generating a damping force based on a force of the electromagnetic motor.

BACKGROUND ART

In recent years, there is a study of construction of a suspension system using an electromagnetic shock absorber. In general, the shock absorber has a wheel-side member connected to a wheel holder that is constructed to include a suspension arm and a body-side member connected to a mount portion that is provided in a particular portion of a vehicle body such as an upper portion of a tire housing, and is configured to generate a damping force acting against a relative movement of the wheel-side member and the body-side member upon a vertical movement of a vehicle wheel and the vehicle body toward and away from each other. The electromagnetic shock absorber (hereinafter referred to as "electromagnetic absorber" where appropriate) is configured to generate the damping force based on a force generated by an electromagnetic motor that is included in the electromagnetic shock absorber.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

There will be described embodiments of the present invention, by reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the claimable invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and may be otherwise embodied with various changes and modifications, which may occur to those skilled in the art.

CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SHOCK ABSORBER

FIG. 1 shows an electromagnetic shock absorber 10 for a vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention. This electromagnetic absorber 10 is one of components constituting a suspension system of independent type, and is provided for each of front right, front left, rear right and rear left wheels of the vehicle. The present electromagnetic absorber 10 is disposed between a suspension lower arm (hereinafter abbreviated as "lower arm" where appropriate) 12 and a mount portion 14. The lower arm 12 constitutes a wheel holder that holds the wheel, while the mount portion 14 is provided in a part (an upper portion of tire housing) of the vehicle body. A suspension device provided for each wheel is constructed to include this electromagnetic absorber 10 and a coil spring 16 as a suspension spring. In the present embodiment, the present electromagnetic absorber 10 is applied in the suspension device using the coil spring as the suspension spring. However, the present electromagnetic absorber 10 is applicable also in a suspension device using, as the suspension spring, a fluid pressure spring such as an air spring.
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#2
A regenerative shock absorber is a type of shock absorber that converts parasitic intermittent linear motion and vibration into useful energy, such as electricity. Conventional shock absorbers simply dissipate this energy as heat.

When used in an electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle the electricity generated by the shock absorber can be diverted to its powertrain to increase battery life. In non-electric vehicles the electricity can be used to power accessories such as air conditioning. Several different systems have been developed recently, though they are still in stages of development and not installed on production vehicles.
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