18-09-2017, 01:05 PM
Hydraulic turbines are machines that convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. It uses the potential energy and kinetic energy of the water and rotates the rotor by the dynamic action of the water.
Classification of hydraulic turbines:
1) Based on the type of energy at the entrance to the turbine:
Impulse Turbine: Energy is in kinetic form. for example: Pelton wheel, Turbo wheel.
Reaction turbine: The energy is in kinetic form and pressure. for example: Tubular, Bulb, Propellar, Francis turbine.
2) Based on the direction of water flow through the corridor:
Tangential flow: water flows in a direction tangential to the rotation path, ie, perpendicular to the axial and radial directions.
Outward radial flow, for example: Forneyron Turbine.
Axial flow: Water flows parallel to the axis of the turbine. for example Girard, Jonval, Kalpan turbine.
Mixed flow: The water enters radially in the outer periphery and leaves axially. for example: Modern Francis turbine.
3) Based on the head under which the turbine operates:
High head, impulse turbine. for example: Pelton turbine.
Middle head, reaction turbine. for example: Francis turbine.
Low head, reaction turbine. for example: Kaplan turbine, propeller turbine.
4) Based on specific turbine speed:
Specific low speed, impulse turbine. for example: Pelton wheel.
Average specific velocity, reaction turbine. for example: Francis wheel.
High specific speed, reaction turbine. for example: Kaplan and Propeller turbine.
5) Based on the name of the originator:
Impulse turbine - Pelton wheel, Girard turbine, Banki.
Turbine reaction - Forneyron, Jonval, Francis, Dubs, Deriaze, Thomson kalpan, Barker, Moody, Nagler, Bell.