Hi am Mohamed i would like to get details on facts for cost effective and reliable transmission of electrical energy
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Flexible AC Transmitters (FACTS) are used to dynamically control the voltage, impedance, and phase angle of AC high voltage lines. FACTS devices provide strategic benefits for improving the management of the transmission system by: better utilization of existing transmission assets; greater reliability and availability of the transmission system; greater dynamic and transient stability of the network; increased quality of supply for sensitive industries (eg manufacture of computer chips); and allow environmental benefits. Typically, the construction period of a factual device is 12 to 18 months from the signing of the contract through commissioning. This document begins by providing definitions of the most common application of FACTS devices, as well as lists their benefits (focusing on steady state and dynamic applications). Generic information on the costs and benefits of FACTS devices is given below, as well as the steps for the identification of FACTS projects. The paper discusses seven applications of FACTS devices in Australia, Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa and the United States. The paper concludes with some recommendations on how the World Bank could facilitate the increased use of FACTS.