Abstract
New industries and production plants require a flexible system, which is capable of picking up objects of various shapes, weights,and colors with arbitrary position and orientation. Such a system also needs recognition and guiding sub-systems. The recognitionsystem includes target function for the recognition sub-system and relation between object characteristics and recognition target.The laser sensor system can be used for such object recognition. Wire-based telemetry and control systems can cause many problemsin shop floors and factories, and so there has been a strong growth of interest in wireless guidance like vehicles equipped with laserguiding and navigation systems. For the continuous measurements of parameters such as temperature, etc. optical laser sensortechnology seems to become more applicable at this stage. This article describes the operational principles and the use of the mostadvanced laser sensor systems for quantity measurements, guiding, navigation, pattern recognition, and vision systems forinspection purposes. A variety of laser-based sensors, which can be used as sensing devices in manufacturing, and productiontechnology, are described in this study. Adaptive cruise control systems that can be used in automobile industry to monitor distanceand speed are described in this report. As a typical example, the principal operation of a laser guided mobile robot using a lasernavigation system is also described.r 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Computer; Flexible; Manufacturing; Laser sensor; Robot system
1. CIM development
In order to cope with the challenge of the futurefactories that provide higher productivity at lower costand compatible environments, automation of futureindustries and plant is unavoidable. Such advancedfactories require first an increasing degree of automationto reduce the product cost and, second, availability ofgreater flexibility of output and product types. To meetsuch requirements, the factories of the future need tolink the flow of material, energy, and informationtogether in a more efficient way. Such interconnectionhas been established by the concept of computerintegration manufacturing (CIM). The flow chart of atypical interconnection in a plant is displayed in Fig. 1,which consists of sensor level, open- and closed loopcontrol level, control level automation groups, manufacturingmanagement and process control level, and thefinal stage of the plant is the coordinating level.To monitor a process under consideration, sensorlevel provides data from all areas of the plant, which areessential and fundamental elements to support the CIM.The flow of information provided this way cannot bedirectly manipulated by human operators in small timescale available or with the required complexity in rawsensory data from different parts. Therefore, the mainengineering task has been to page link sensor level with thedifferent levels of data processing modules.On the other hand, the introduction of mechanizationhas revolutionized manufacturing in which complexoperations have been broken down into simple step-bystepinstruction that can be repeated by a machine. Insuch a mechanism the need for systematic assembly,control, and inspection has been realized in differentmanufacturing processes. These tasks have been usuallyperformed by human workers; it is this type of drawbackthat has made laser-based sensor system moreattractive.


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