ROBOTICS
ABSTRACT:-
“A re-programmable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks”. A Robot consists of two main parts: the robot boy and some form of artificial intelligence (AI) system. The word “robot” originates from Czech word for forced labor, or serf. It was introduced by PLAYWRIGHT KAREL CAPEK, whose fictional robotic inventions were much like Dr. Frankenstein’s monster.
History of Real-World Robots:
One of the first robots was the clepsydra or water clock, which was made in 250 B.C. It was created by Ctesibius of Alexandria, a Greek physicist and inventor.Thearliest remote control vehicles were built by
Nikola Tesla in the 1890's. Tesla is best known as the inventor of AC electri
power, radio (before Marconi), induction motors, Tesla coils, and other electrical devices. It Other early robots (1940's - 50's) were Grey Walter's "Elsie the tortoise" ("Machina speculatrix") and the Johns Hopkins "beast." " ." "Shakey" was a small unstable box on wheels that used memory and logical reasoning to solve problems and navigate in its environment. was developed by the Stanford Research Institute (SRI) in Palo Alto, California in the 1960s. The General Electric Walking Truck was a large (3,000 pounds) four legged robot that could walk up to four miles a hour. The walking truck was the first legged vehicle with a computer-brain, developed by Ralph Moser at General Electric Corp. in the 1960s. The first modern industrial robots were probably the "Unimates", created by George Devol and Joe Engleberger in the 1950's and 60's. Engleberger started the first robotics company, called"Unimation", and has been called the "father of robotics."
This is the first robot in walking named Walking Truck. Here we explain the multiple usage of robotics which is our main concept. In this we explain the different tasks that are using robots. First we introduced a few uses and then explain that the process with which it can works. Let see some uses of robots
FOR EXPLORATION
People are interested in places that are sometimes full of danger, like outer space, or the deep ocean. But when they cannot go there themselves, they make robots that can go there. The robots are able to carry cameras and other instruments so that they can collect information and send it back to theirhuma noperators The "Odyssey IIb" submersible robot is shown suspended in a tank. It was developed by research scientists at M.I.T. for ocean exploration. The inset shows the "Sojourner" microrover robot being repaired at the Jet Propulsion Labs. Sojourner landed on the surface of Mars on July 4, 1998 (from National Geographic, July 1997). .
FOR INDUSTRY:
When doing a job, robots can do many things faster than humans. Robots do not need to be paid, eat, drink, or go to the bathroom like people. They can do repetative work that is absolutely boring to people and they will not stop, slow down, or fall to sleep like a human.
FOR MEDICINE
Sometimes when operating, doctors have to use a robot instead. A human would not be able to make a hole exactly one 100th of a inch wide and long. When making medicines, robots can do the job much faster and more accurately than a human can. Also, a robot can be more delicate than a human.
ROBODOC
a modified industrial robot, drills a precise hole in the femur (thigh bone) of thisskeleton(fromNationalGeographic,July1997).

Some doctors and engineers are also developing prosthetic (bionic) limbs that use robotic mechanisms. Dr. David Gow, of the Prosthetics Research and Development Team at Princess Margaret Rose Orthopaedic Hospital, made the first bionic arm called the Edinburgh Modular Arm System (EMAS) in 1998.
Campbell Aird, Scottish hotel owner, fitted with the world's first bionic arm (images from The Irish Times web site).
FOR THE MILITARY and POLICE
Police need certain types of robots for bomb-disposal and for bringing video cameras and microphones into dangerous areas, where a human policeman might get hurt or killed. The military also uses robots for (1) locating and destroying mines on land and in water(2) entering enemy bases to gather information(3) spying on enemy troops.
"MERV"- police remote control bomb-disposal robot.
ly and "Cypher"- remote control helicopter for military surveillance (6 ft diameter, 50 mile range)
Material-handling and machine-loading and–unloading applications. In these applications the robots function is to move materials or parts from one location in the work cell to some other location. Processing application. This category include spot welding, arc welding, spray painting, and other operations in which the function of the robot is to manipulate a tool to accomplish some manufacturing process in the work cell. Spot welding represents a particularly important application in the processing category. Assemb,inspection. There are two separate operations, which we include together in this category. Robotic assembly is a field in which industry is showing great interest because of the economic potentials.
These are the some of the important uses that are used widely in different fields. Let us see some concepts which are the most important tasks in robots in various applications explained above.
They are 1.Automation 2. Drive systems
3. Artificial intelligency