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Company Profile
We are one of world’s leading providers of telecommunication services with presence in all the 22 licensed jurisdictions (also known as Telecom Circles) in India, and operations in Srilanka, Bangladesh and now in Africa. We served an aggregate of 183,371,520 customers as of June 30, 2010; of whom 176,974,680 subscribe to our GSM services and 3,243,761 use our Telemedia Services either for voice and/or broadband access delivered through DSL. We are the largest wireless service provider in India, based on the number of customers as of June 30, 2010. We offer an integrated suite of telecom solutions to our enterprise customers, in addition to providing long distance connectivity both nationally and internationally. We also offer DTH and IPTV Services. All these services are rendered under a unified brand “Airtel”. The company also deploys, owns and manages passive infrastructure pertaining to telecom operations under its subsidiary Bharti Infratel Limited. Bharti Infratel owns 42% of Indus Towers Limited. Bharti Infratel and Indus Towers are the two top providers of passive infrastructure services in India.
Bharti Airtel Lanka is a subsidiary of Bharti Airtel, which is one of Asia's leading integrated telecom services provider with an aggregate of over 100 million customers. Bharti Airtel has been featured in Forbes Asia's Fab 50 list, rated amongst the best performing companies in the world in the BusinessWeek IT 100 list 2007, and voted as India's most innovative company in a survey by The Wall Street Journal. Bharti Airtel Lanka commenced commercial operation of services on January 12, 2009, and now has an aggregate of 1 million customers, and is Sri Lanka's fastest growing wireless operator. Granted a license in 2007, in accordance with the Sri Lanka Telecommunications Act No. 25 of 1991, it is a registered company under the Board of Investment in Sri Lanka. Under the license, the company provides digital mobile services to Sri Lanka inclusive of voice telephony, voice mail, data services and GSM based services. All of these services are provided under the Airtel brand.
Network Operations Center
A network operations center (or NOC, pronounced "knock") is one or more locations from which control is exercised over a computer, television broadcast, or telecommunications network.
Large organizations may operate more than one NOC, either to manage different networks or to provide geographic redundancy in the event of one site being unavailable or offline.
NOCs are responsible for monitoring the telecommunication network for alarms or certain conditions that may require special attention to avoid impact on the network's performance. For example, in a telecommunications environment, NOCs are responsible for monitoring for power failures, communication line alarms (such as bit errors, framing errors, line coding errors, and circuits down) and other performance issues that may affect the network. NOCs analyse problems, perform troubleshooting, communicate with site technicians and other NOCs, and track problems through resolution. If necessary, NOCs escalate problems to the appropriate personnel. For severe conditions that are impossible to anticipate – such as a power failure or optical fiber cable cut – NOCs have procedures in place to immediately contact technicians to remedy the problem.
Technicians in Architel NOC
NOCs are frequently laid out with several rows of desks, all facing a video wall, which typically shows details of highly significant alarms, ongoing incidents and general network performance; a corner of the wall is sometimes used for showing a news or weather TV channel, as this can keep the NOC technicians aware of current events which may have an impact on the network or systems they are responsible for.
The back wall of the NOC is sometimes glazed; there may be a room attached to this wall which is used by members of the team responsible for dealing with serious incidents to meet whilst still able to watch events unfolding within the NOC.
Individual desks are generally assigned to a specific network, technology or area. A technician may have several computer monitors on their desk, with the extra monitors used for monitoring the systems or networks covered from that desk.
NOCs often escalate issues in a hierarchic manner, so if an issue is not resolved in a specific time frame, the next level is informed to speed up problem remediation. Many NOCs have multiple "tiers", which define how experienced/skilled a NOC technician is. A newly-hired NOC technician might be considered a "tier 1", whereas a technician that has been there for several years may be considered a "tier 3" or "tier 4". As such, some problems are escalated within a NOC before a site technician or other network engineer is contacted.
Additionally, the NOC staff may perform extra duties; a network with equipment in public areas (such as a mobile network Base Transceiver Station) may be required to have a telephone number attached to the equipment for emergencies; as the NOC may be the only continuously staffed part of the business, these calls will often be answered there.
The term NOC is normally used when referring to telecommunications providers, although a growing number of other organizations such as public utilities (e.g., SCADA) and private companies also have such centers, both to manage their internal networks and to provide monitoring services.
The location housing a NOC may also contain many or all of the primary servers and other equipment essential to running the network, although it is not uncommon for a single NOC to monitor and control a number of geographically dispersed sites.
ABSTRACT
A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of computers and devices connected by communications channels that facilitates communications among users and allows users to share resources with other users. Networks may be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics.
Computer networks can be used for several purposes:
Facilitating communications. Using a network, people can communicate efficiently and easily via e-mail, instant messaging, chat rooms, telephony, video telephone calls, and video conferencing.
Sharing hardware. In a networked environment, each computer on a network can access and use hardware on the network. Suppose several personal computers on a network each require the use of a laser printer. If the personal computers and a laser printer are connected to a network, each user can then access the laser printer on the network, as they need it.
Sharing files, data, and information. In a network environment, any authorized user can access data and information stored on other computers on the network. The capability of providing access to data and information on shared storage devices is an important feature of many networks.
Sharing software. Users connected to a network can access application programs on the network.
Today computer is available in many offices and homes and therefore there is a need to share data and programs among various computers with the advancement of data communication facilities. The communication between computers has increased and it thus it has extended the power of computer beyond the computer room. Now a user sitting at one place can communicate computers of any remote sites through communication channel.
Thus we can clearly see that computer networks are imperative part of any organization, big or small, and it facilitates the proper functionality of it. Installation of computer networks, centralizes the functionality i.e. one can easily monitor the proper functioning and maintenance of any computer in the network, sitting at a remote central location. In today’s world, as we all know that any organization needs a strong backbone of computers for working effectively. This calls in for even more use of networking. As mentioned above, networking initiates sharing , facilitating communication and remote protection against various threats. Although the initial cost may be high, the returns it gives cannot be left out. In this report, I have presented a detailed functioning of the networking of AIRTEL.
INTRODUCTION
A computer network allows sharing of resources and information among devices connected to the network. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) funded the design of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) for the United States Department of Defense. It was the first operational computer network in the world. Development of the network began in 1969, based on designs developed during the 1960s.
Networks can be categorized in several different ways. One approach defines the type of network according to the geographic area it spans. Local area networks (LANs), for example, typically reach across a single home, whereas wide area networks (WANs), reach across cities, states, or even across the world. The Internet is the world's largest public WAN.
Computer networks also differ in their design. The two types of high-level network design are called client-server and peer to peer. Client-server networks feature centralized server computers that store email, Web pages, files and or applications. On a peer-to-peer network, conversely, all computers tend to support the same functions. Client-server networks are much more common in business and peer-to-peer networks much more common in homes.
A network topology represents its layout or structure from the point of view of data flow. In so-called bus networks, for example, all of the computers share and communicate across one common conduit, whereas in a star network, all data flows through one centralized device. Common types of network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh.
In networking, the communication language used by computer devices is called the protocol. Yet another way to classify computer networks is by the set of protocols they support. Networks often implement multiple protocols to support specific applications. Popular protocols include TCP/IP, the most common protocol found on the Internet and in home networks.
Many of the same network protocols, like TCP/IP, work in both wired and wireless networks. Networks with Ethernet cables predominated in businesses, schools, and homes for several decades. Recently, however, wireless networking alternatives have emerged as the premier technology for building new computer networks.
One way to categorize the different types of computer network designs is by their scope or scale. For historical reasons, the networking industry refers to nearly every type of design as some kind of area network.
Common examples of area network types are:
LAN - Local Area Network
WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
WAN - Wide Area Network
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
SAN - Storage Area Network, System Area Network, Server Area Network, or sometimes Small Area Network
CAN - Campus Area Network, Controller Area Network, or sometimes Cluster Area Network
PAN - Personal Area Network
DAN - Desk Area Network
LAN and WAN were the original categories of area networks, while the others have gradually emerged over many years of technology evolution.
LAN - Local Area Network
A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance. A networked office building, school, or home usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one building will contain a few small LANs (perhaps one per room), and occasionally a LAN will span a group of nearby buildings. In TCP/IP networking, a LAN is often but not always implemented as a single IP subnet.
In addition to operating in a limited space, LANs are also typically owned, controlled, and managed by a single person or organization. They also tend to use certain connectivity technologies, primarily Ethernet and Token Ring.
WAN - Wide Area Network
As the term implies, a WAN spans a large physical distance. The Internet is the largest WAN, spanning the Earth.
A WAN is a geographically-dispersed collection of LANs. A network device called a router connects LANs to a WAN. In IP networking, the router maintains both a LAN address and a WAN address.
A WAN differs from a LAN in several important ways. Most WANs (like the Internet) are not owned by any one organization but rather exist under collective or distributed ownership and management. WANs tend to use technology like ATM, Frame Relay and X.25 for connectivity over the longer distances.
Residences typically employ one LAN and connect to the Internet WAN via an Internet Servic Provider (ISP) using a broadband modem. The ISP provides a WAN IP address to the modem, and all of the computers on the home network use LAN (so-called private) IP addresses. All computers on the home LAN can communicate directly with each other but must go through a central gateway, typically a broadband router, to reach the ISP.
Other Types of Area Networks
While LAN and WAN are by far the most popular network types mentioned, you may also commonly see references to these others:
Wireless Local Area Network - a LAN based on WiFi wireless network technology
Metropolitan Area Network - a network spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city. A MAN is typically owned an operated by a single entity such as a government body or large corporation.
Campus Area Network - a network spanning multiple LANs but smaller than a MAN, such as on a university or local business campus.
Storage Area Network - connects servers to data storage devices through a technology like Fibre Channel.
System Area Network - links high-performance computers with high-speed connections in a cluster configuration. Also known as Cluster Area Network
DCN-MPLS REDUNDANCY PROJECT
A Data computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of computers and devices connected by communications channels that facilitates communications among users and allows users to share resources with other users.It manages switches & the networks which are connected and configured to it.
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a mechanism in high-performance telecommunication networks which directs and carries data from one network node to the next .It provides traffic for the data communication networks to send over the different locations.
PURPOSE OF DCN/MPLS
DCN (DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK) is used to manage SDH (SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY ) while MPLS is used to provide traffic to the DCN .
These diagrams are made so that if any MAIN path becomes unmanaged between source and the destination , it can be directed to the PROTECTION path so that network flows continuously and easily .
MAIN/PROTECTION PATH
SONET/SDH
SONET/SDH (Synchronous Optical Networking or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) has become the transport technology of choice for regional operating companies ( RBOC ) , interchange carriers (IXC) ,Post, Telephone ,and telegraph (PTT) organizations ,and other carriers to meet the demand for bandwidth and new services.
As SONET/SDH rings grow in both size and number , the service provider needs to deploy higher bandwidth and more scalable DCN networks to manage SONET/SDH network elements.
DCN / MPLS DIAGRAM FOR AGRA
DCN / MPLS DIAGRAM FOR ALIGARH
SWITCHES
A network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that connects network segments .It lowers the capacity as required by the DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK(DCN) to send data. Switching involves transferring information, such as digital data packets or frames, among entities of the network.
