REMOTE SENSING
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INTRODUCTION :-
Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about a phenomenoa without being in contact with it. Remote sensing deals with the detection and measurement of phenomena with devices sensitive to electromagnetic energy such as:
Light (cameras and scanners)
Heat (thermal scanners)
Radio Waves (radar)
Remote sensing is one of a suite of tools available to land managers that provides up-to-date, detailed information about land condition. Remote sensing uses instruments mounted on satellites or in planes to produce images or 'scenes' of the Earth's surface.
What is Remote Sensing ?
The uniqueness of satellite remote sensing lies in its ability to show large land areas and to detect features at electromagnetic wavelengths which are not visible to the human eye. Data from satellite images can show larger areas than aerial survey data and, as a satellite regularly passes over the same plot of land capturing new data each time, changes in the land use and condition can be routinely monitored In the Land Monitor project, satellite images are being used to provide information on land condition and the changes in that condition through time, specifically salinity and the status of remnant vegetation, to help farmers, environmental managers and planners better manage the land.
The need for Education in Remote Sensing :-
Pollution, population growth exceeding the support capability of the land, loss of biodiversity and global climate change are only few of the problems that face today’s and tomorrow’s generations. Remote sensing and related technologies can contribute to our understanding of these problems as well as tot eh implementation of practical solutions
Meanwhile countries are becoming increasingly aware that long term economic viability requires a balanced, informed strategy for the exploitation of natural resources forecasting agricultural yields, and
developing new energy sources.
In order to meet these challenges, we need professional who are familiar with the capabilities and limitations of the geospatial technologies. This includes researchers who can develop new methodologies and applications, as well as technicians and practitioners who can apply proven techniques to specify problems.
Thus, it is more important than ever that remote sensing educational programs provide an adequate exposure to modern technologies, as well as solid grounding in remote sensing theory and principles
How Satellites Acquire Images :-
Satellite sensors record the intensity of electromagnetic radiation (sunlight) reflected from the earth at different wavelengths. Energy that is not reflected by an object is absorbed. Each object has its own unique 'spectrum .
Remote sensing relies on the fact that particular features of the landscape such as bush, crop, salt-affected land and water reflect light differently in different wavelengths. Grass looks green, for example, because it reflects green light and absorbs other visible wavelengths
This can be seen as a peak in the green band in the reflectance spectrum for green grass above. The spectrum also shows that grass reflects even more strongly in the infrared part of the spectrum. While this can't be detected by the human eye, it can be detected by an infrared sensor.Instruments mounted on satellites detect and record the energy that has been reflected. The detectors are sensitive to particular ranges of wavelengths, called 'bands'. The satellite systems are characterised by the bands at which they measure the reflected energy. The Landsat TM satellite, which provides the data used in this project, has bands at the blue, green and red wavelengths in the visible part of the spectrum .
Satellites are characterised by the
• wavelength 'bands' at which reflected energy is measured
• the size of the footprint or pixel for which they measure reflected energy
• the frequency with which they revisit a particular location
The Land Monitor Project uses Landsat TM images. These images:
• have 6 wavelength bands that are routinely used (3 visible, 3 infrared)
• have 30m pixels
• are acquired every 16 days (provided conditions are cloud-free)
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