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How does it work?
Refrigeration and air conditioning is used to cool products or a building environment.
The refrigeration or air conditioning system ® transfers heat from a cooler low-energy reservoir to a warmer high-energy reservoir
There are several heat transfer loops in a refrigeration system as shown in Figure 2. Thermal energy moves from left to right as it is extracted from the space and expelled into the outdoors through five loops of heat transfer:
Indoor air loop. In the left loop, indoor air is driven by the supply air fan through a cooling coil, where it transfers its heat to chilled water. The cool air then cools the building space.
Chilled water loop. Driven by the chilled water pump, water returns from the cooling coil to the chiller’s evaporator to be re-cooled.
Refrigerant loop. Using a phase-change refrigerant, the chiller’s compressor pumps heat from the chilled water to the condenser water.
Condenser water loop. Water absorbs heat from the chiller’s condenser, and the condenser water pump sends it to the cooling tower.
Cooling tower loop. The cooling tower’s fan drives air across an open flow of the hot condenser water, transferring the heat to the outdoors
Introduction
Depending on applications, there are several options / combinations of air conditioning, which are available for use:
Air conditioning (for space or machines)
Split air conditioners
Fan coil units in a larger system
Air handling units in a larger system
Refrigeration systems for industrial processes
The following refrigeration systems exist for industrial processes (e.g. chilling plants) and domestic purposes (modular units, i.e. refrigerators):
Small capacity modular units of the direct expansion type similar to domestic refrigerators.
Centralized chilled water plants with chilled water as a secondary coolant for a temperature range over typically 5 oC. They can also be used for ice bank formation.
Brine plants, which use brines as a lower temperature, secondary coolant for typically sub-zero temperature applications, which come as modular unit capacities as well as large centralized plant capacities.
The plant capacities up to 50 TR (tons of refrigeration) are usually considered as small capacity, 50 – 250 TR as medium capacity and over 250 TR as large capacity units.