pwd summer training report pdf
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I  want     a  summer training file 
 
Of   pwd  department .....

For  submit   in college seminar
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Geographic and population of the state is the largest state of the nation. State The industrial, economic and social development of the state and population of each village is absolutely necessary to reconnect to the main roads. In addition to major state roads, state highways and district roads and their adequate breadth to improve the quality of the traffic viewpoint is of particular importance. Department of Public Works to build roads and improve connectivity in rural areas, District District Road and State wide and improving rural roads and major routes close construction of bridged areas and bridges rebuilding the bases are dealt with in Priority form. Also under PradhanMantri Gram SadakYojana and the prefabricated construction of rural roads joining the work of other roads of the district Suddikrn wide scale of bases are being edited. The success of the operation of the various schemes of the engineers of the Department of Public Works and of the supervision councils in different districts of the engineer's office has been solved. Activities for planning, execution and quality control etc. Eliminate impediments find joy in relation to supervision over activities focus. Several plans operated by the Department of the Office of the Regional Office of Chief Engineers and Heads of Engineering.

A road is a road, route or road on land between two places, which has been paved or otherwise improved to enable travel by some means of transportation, including a horse, car or motor vehicle. Roads consist of one or two roads each with one or more lanes and also any associated sidewalks (British English: pavement) and the edges of the road. Roads that are available for use by the public may be referred to as public highways or highways. MATERIAL Concrete is widely used in domestic, commercial, recreational, rural and educational construction. Communities around the world rely on concrete as a safe, strong and simple building material. It is used in all types of construction; From housework to multi-storey office blocks and commercial complexes. Despite the common use of concrete, few people are aware of the considerations involved in designing strong, durable and high quality concrete.

A cement is a binder, a substance that hardens and hardens independently, and can bond other materials together. The word "cement" dates back to the Romans, who used the term caementicium to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as the binder. Additives from volcanic ash and pulverised brick that were added to the lime burned to obtain a hydraulic binder were later referred to as cementum, cement, cement, and cement. Cements used in construction can be characterised as hydraulic or non-hydraulic. Hydraulic cements (eg, Portland cement) harden due to hydration, a chemical reaction between anhydrous cement powder and water. Therefore, they can harden underwater or when they are constantly exposed to humid weather. The chemical reaction results in hydrates that are not very soluble in water and therefore are very durable in water. Non-hydraulic cements do not harden under water; For example, quenched limes are hardened by reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide. The most important uses of cement are as an ingredient in the production of mortar in masonry, and of concrete, a combination of cement and an aggregate to form a strong building material. Types of Cement: Portland Cement Portland cement is by far the most common type of cement in general use worldwide. This cement is made by heating limestone with small amounts of other materials (such as clay) at 1450 ° C in an oven, in a process known as calcination, whereby a carbon dioxide molecule is released from carbonate Calcium to Forman calcium oxide, or quicklime, which is then mixed with the other materials that have been included in the mixture. The resulting hard substance, called a clinker, is then ground with a small amount of gypsum into a powder to make "ordinary Portland cement," the most commonly used type of cement (often referred to as OPC). Portland cement is a basic ingredient of cement, mortar and most non-specialty grout. The most common use for Portland cement is in the production of concrete. Concrete is a composite material consisting of aggregate (gravel and sand), cement and water.

Desired shape, and once hardened, can become a structural element (load bearing). Portland cement can be gray or white. Portland Cement fly ash contains up to 35% fly. The fly ash is pozzolanic, so that the maximum resistance is maintained. Because the addition of fly ash allows a lower content of concrete water, early resistance can also be maintained. When cheap fly ash of good quality is available, this can be an economical alternative to ordinary Portland cement. Portland cement puzolano Includes ash fly ash, as fly ash is a pozzolana, but also includes cements made from other natural or artificial pozzolans. In countries where volcanic ash is available. Portland Silica Cement The addition of silica fume can produce exceptionally high strengths and occasionally cements containing 5-20% silica fume are produced. However, silica fume is more generally added to Portland cement in the sand mixer. Sand Sand is a natural granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. The composition of the sand varies greatly, depending on local rock sources and conditions, but the most common component of sand in continental and non-coastal continental environments is silica (silicon dioxide or SiO2), generally in the form of quartz. The second most common type of sand is calcium carbonate, for example aragonite, which for the most part has been created over the last 500 million years by various life forms such as coral and shellfish. It is, for example, the primary form of apparent sand in areas where reefs have dominated the ecosystem for millions of years like the Caribbean. Composition In terms of particle size used by geologists, the sand particles vary in diameter from 0.0625 mm (or 1/16 mm) to 2 mm.
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