06-09-2017, 07:57 PM
project on marketing management for class 12 on smart phone
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project on marketing management for class 12 on mobile phone
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project on marketing management for class 12 on smart phone
07-09-2017, 11:47 AM
A mobile phone is a portable device that can make and receive calls through a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area. The radiofrequency link establishes a connection with the switching systems of a mobile telephone operator, which provides access to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Modern mobile phone services use a cellular network architecture and therefore, often mobile phones are also called cell phones or cell phones. 2000s devices support a variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (infrared, Bluetooth), business applications, video games and digital photography. These devices are known as function telephones.
The first handheld handset was shown by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a headset weighing c. 2 kilograms (4.4 pounds). In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone. From 1983 to 2014, mobile phone subscriptions globally grew to more than seven billion, penetrating 100% of the world's population and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid. In the first quarter of 2016, the major smartphone manufacturers were Samsung, Apple and Huawei (and "martphone sales accounted for 78 percent of total mobile phone sales").
In the early stages of radio engineering, a mobile radio mobile telephone service is envisaged. In 1917, the Finnish inventor Eric Tigerstedt filed a patent for a "pocket folding phone with a very fine carbon microphone". The earliest cell phone predecessors included analogue radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with events taking place in many countries. Advances in mobile telephony have been traced in successive "generations", starting with the first zero generation (0G) services, such as the Bell System Mobile Telephone Service and its successor, the Improved Mobile Telephone Service. These 0G systems were not cellular, they supported few simultaneous calls and were very expensive.
The first handheld handset was shown by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a headset weighing c. 4.4 pounds (2 kg). The first automated commercial cellular network was launched in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone in 1979. This was followed in 1981 by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Several other countries followed in the early 1980s. These first generation (1G) systems could support much more simultaneous calls, but still use analog cellular technology. In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone.
In 1991, second generation digital cellular technology (2G) was launched in Finland by Radiolinja on the GSM standard. This provoked competition in the sector when new operators challenged the 1G network operators in operation.
Ten years later, in 2001, the third generation (3G) was launched in Japan by NTT DoCoMo in the WCDMA standard. This was followed by improvements to 3.5G, 3G + or turbo 3G based high speed packet access family (HSPA), allowing UMTS networks to have higher data rates and data transfer capacity.
By 2009, it had become clear that at some point 3G networks would be overwhelmed by the growth of bandwidth-intensive applications such as media streaming. As a result, the industry began looking for data-optimized fourth-generation technologies, promising to speed up to ten times more than existing 3G technologies. The first two technologies available on the market billed as 4G were the WiMAX standard, offered in North America by Sprint, and the LTE standard, first offered in Scandinavia by TeliaSonera.
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