ppt on neurobridge
#1

hi i am satya .i would like to get a detailed ppt for my research wrk please help me
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#2
Neuroprosthetics (also called neural prosthetics) is a discipline related to neuroscience and biomedical engineering concerned with developing neural prostheses. They are sometimes contrasted with a brain–computer interface, which connects the brain to a computer rather than a device meant to replace missing biological functionality.

Neural prostheses are a series of devices that can substitute a motor, sensory or cognitive modality that might have been damaged as a result of an injury or a disease. Cochlear implants provide an example of such devices. These devices substitute the functions performed by the ear drum and stapes while simulating the frequency analysis performed in the cochlea. A microphone on an external unit gathers the sound and processes it; the processed signal is then transferred to an implanted unit that stimulates the auditory nerve through a microelectrode array. Through the replacement or augmentation of damaged senses, these devices intend to improve the quality of life for those with disabilities.

These implantable devices are also commonly used in animal experimentation as a tool to aid neuroscientists in developing a greater understanding of the brain and its functioning. By wirelessly monitoring the brain's electrical signals sent out by electrodes implanted in the subject's brain, the subject can be studied without the device affecting the results.

Accurately probing and recording the electrical signals in the brain would help better understand the relationship among a local population of neurons that are responsible for a specific function.

Neural implants are designed to be as small as possible in order to be to minimally invasive, particularly in areas surrounding the brain, eyes or cochlea. These implants typically communicate with their prosthetic counterparts wirelessly. Additionally, power is currently received through wireless power transmission through the skin. The tissue surrounding the implant is usually highly sensitive to temperature rise, meaning that power consumption must be minimal in order to prevent tissue damage.

The neuroprosthetic currently undergoing the most widespread use is the cochlear implant, with over 300,000 in use worldwide as of 2012.
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#3

Ian Burkhart, a 23-year-old quadriplegic from Dublin, Ohio, was injured in 2010 in a diving accident, breaking his neck on a sandbar and paralysing his body from the neck down. He has some use of his arms, but was left unable to move his legs, hands and fingers.

Thanks to a new device known as the Neurobridge, though, Burkhart has now moved his right hand and fingers for the first time since the accident -- signalling a brighter future for paralysis patients.

Neurobridge, a collaborative project developed by The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and applied science development non-profit Battelle, is a system that allows the brain signal to bypass the site of injury -- in Burkhart's case, his spinal cord -- sending it directly to the muscle.
Two months ago, neurosurgeon Dr Ali Rezai of Ohio State University performed brain surgery on Burkhart, implanting a sensor chip smaller than a pea into the motor cortex of his brain. This chip reads and interprets the electrical activity in Burkhart's brain, sending it to a computer.

The computer then recodes the signal, and sends it to a high-definition electrode stimulation sleeve Burkhart wears on his right arm, a process that takes less than a tenth of a second and allows Burkhart to move his paralysed digits.

"The surgery required the precise implantation of the micro-chip sensor in the area of Ian's brain that controls his arm and hand movements," Dr Rezai said.

A team led by Chad Bouton at Battelle spent nearly a decade developing the algorithms, software and sleeve. Two years ago, Dr Ali Rezai and Dr Jerry Mysiw were brought on board to design the clinical trials.

"I've been doing rehabilitation for a lot of years, and this is a tremendous stride forward in what we can offer these people," said Dr Mysiw. "Now we're examining human-machine interfaces and interactions, and how that type of technology can help."


Burkhart, a former lacrosse player, was the first of five potential patients in a clinical study of the technology.

"It's definitely great for me to be as young as I am when I was injured because the advancements in science and technology are growing rapidly and they're only going to continue to increase," Burkhart said.
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