POWER PLANT
#1

Presented By
S.Vanita Devi

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POWER PLANT
ABSTRACT

 In this I have analyzed the generation,distribution,maintanance of electrical power.
 The major equipments in capacitive power plants are steam turbine,gnerator,condenser and boiler. Apart from this many auxiliary types of equipment are required for successful operation of the plant.
D.M PLANT(De mineralizing plant)
 By using D.M plant impurities in raw water have to be removed before its use in boiler.
 Impurities in water
 Suspended solids
 Dissolved solids
 Dissolved gases
Description about D.M plant
In D.M plant the impurities are removed by testing the water with acids done by cation section and anion section separately.the cations and anions are removed in raw water by these tests.finelly the water is mixed in a mixed bed.the outlet of the mixed bed water hardness is equal to zero.Total dissolved solvents are equal to zero and Ph value is maintaining 6.5-7.5
 Lay out of D.M plant
 Effects of impurities
 these gives rises to scaling and deposition in a given system.they also accelerate corrosion.
 The suspended impurities are removed through sedimentation, coagulation and filtaration.in anion section and cation section the impurities are removed, by removing all these impurities then the outlet of the mixed bed is goes to the storage tank. from the storage tank with the help of pumps the mineral water is fed through the boiler.
 BOILER
It is a closed vessel like a pressure cooker in which we can produce steam required is called boiler.
 In this we are using the water tube boiler because it produces high pressure and it is easily accessible and respond quickly to changes in steam demand.
 Combustion start-up procedure
 Check and assure that there is a sufficient storage of fuel in the bunker.
 Fill river sand of specified size in the combustor up to a depth of about 300mm from the nozzle top.
 Start the FD fan open the fan damper gradually to level the sand bed.
 Feed the charcoal mixed with HSD into the bed and spread it evenly across the complete bed.
 As the combustion of charcoal start, the top level bed material will start getting heated up.
 When it is in start up mode, the bed should bubble in the initial stages, after achieving the bed temperature above 450 deg c ,then the fluidization can be increased. then the charcoal will start burning vigorously.
 The bed temperature is maintained 700-750 deg c.
 Once the bed temperature is of 600 deg c is archived ,then the fuel feeding can be started
 The FD fan air should not reduce 70%
 The high and low set points for the bed temperature should be set at 800 and 550 deg c.
 During the start up ,the ‘low’ temperature set point can be set below ambient temperature and after start up,re-set again at 550 deg c.
 The following are the normal operating parameters for the start up.
rice husk:
fuel firing rate:6735 kg/hr
bed temperature:700-725 deg c
fluidizing air pressure:500-525mmwg
Working of steam power plant
 Steam power plant basically operates on RANKINE CYCLE.
These can be divided into 4 main circuits
a)fuel and ash circuit
b)air and flue gas circuit
c)feed water and steam circuit
d)cooling water circuit
Flue and ash circuit:-
 Husk is delivered from supply point from storage site by road or water.
 Then the husk is conveyed to the husk handling plant then the husk is taken into a boiler bunker by means of a bucket conveyers.
 Then the ash resulting after complete combustion of fuels collects at the back of the boiler and is removed to ash storage by means of a scrap conveyers.
Air and flue gas circuit:-
Air is drawn from the atmosphere by a forced draught fan or induced draught fan through the air pre-heater ,in which it is heated by heat of flue gases passing to chimney and then admitted to the furnance.the flue gas after passing around the boiler tubes and super heater are drawn by a induced draught fan through dust collector, economizer and air pre-heater and finally exhausted to the atmosphere through chimney.
Feed water and steam circuit:-
 The feed water is pumped into a boiler through economizer in which it is further heated by heat of flue gas passing through it on the way to chimney.
 In boiler water is converted into high pressure steam which is wet .wet steam is passed through the super heater, where it is dried and further super heated and then supplied to the steam turbine through main valve.
Cooling water circuit:-
 In case of cooling towers the heat must be extracted before the water is again pumped to the condenser. the circulation of cooling water to the condenser helps in maintaining a low pressure in the condenser.
Steam turbine
 Today,the steam turbine stands out as the most important prime mover in existence.
 The steam turbine holly depends on the dynamic action of steam. The steam is caused to fall in pressure in the nozzle ,due to this fall in pressure a certain amount of heat energy, and the steam is set amount of heat energy is converted into kinetic energy, and the steam is set with a grater velocity
 The steam turbine has only one main moving part, the rotor, which carries a bucket or blades
 These with the stationary nozzle or blades from the steam path through the turbine.
 The passage of steam through the blades may take place in such manner that the pressure of the outlet side of the blade is equal to that of the inlet side. such turbine is termed as IMPLUSE TURBINE.
 Since in case of impulse turbine most of the pressure takes place in stationary nozzles. there fore due to the impulse turbine quick loading with large clearance minimal danger from thermal stages also these machines exert low loads on the thrust bearing.
Alternator
 An electrical generator or an alternator is a device used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy.
 The shaft that comes out of the turbine is connected to the generator .when turbine turns, the shaft and rotor are turned.
 As the shaft inside the generator turns, an electrical current is produced in the wire. The electrical energy is converting mechanical, moving energy into electrical energy.
 The generator is basically operates on the principle of ‘electro magnetic induction’ discovered in 1831 by FARADAY.
 Faraday discovered that if an electrical conductor, like a copper wire, is movied through the magnetic field ,electrical current will flow in the conductor.
 So the mechanical energy of the moving wire is converted into the electric energy of the current that flows in the wire.
Operation of power plant in brief
 The fuel is transported to the power house and is stored in a storage plant it is then delivered to the husk handling plant where the coal and husk are mixed. the fuel is then fed through boiler through belt conveyers.
 In the boiler house the fuel is burned and the water is converted in to high pressure steam which is further super heated in super heater.
 Then the superheated steam is passed through the turbine blades. thus turbine converts the heat energy into mechanical energy.
 The steam turbine is coupled to an alternator the alternator converts rotating or mechanical energy of turbine is converted into an electrical energy..
Conclusion:-
 The electricity produced by the generator then flows through huge transmission wires that page link the power plants to spinning and refinery.
 The total power produced in this is 2.75 MW
 1 MW power is used in captive power
 1.75MW power is sold by A.P trans co.
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