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PN-Junction Diode Characteristics

Forward Bias --- External battery makes the Anode more positive than the Cathode --- Current flows in the direction of the arrow in the symbol.
Reverse Bias --- External battery makes the Cathode more positive than the Anode --- A tiny current flows opposite to the arrow in the symbol.

Series-Connected Diodes

Use 2 diodes in series to withstand higher reverse breakdown voltage.
Both diodes conduct the same reverse saturation current, Is.

Diode Characteristics
Due to differences between devices, each diode has a different voltage across it.
Would like to “Equalize” the voltages.

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