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The present work examines the abrasion resistance of tool steels and abrasion mechanisms that are one of the main factors contributing to the failure of tools in the metal forming industry. Due to this type of wear, tools used in cutting and forming processes of metals without lubrication fail. In the workshop and engineering practice, it is common to relate wear resistance to the hardness of the material alone. However, there are other parameters that influence wear such as: fracture toughness, type of crystal structure and the appearance of hard precipitate in the metal matrix and also its nature. In the present investigation, wear mechanisms acting on tool steels were analyzed and, through standardized tests, the wear resistance performance of nine different types of tool steels was evaluated by pin-on-disc tests. Conventional tool steels commonly used in tools such as AISI H13 and AISI A2 were compared to tool steels manufactured by sintering process such as Crucible CPM 3V, CPM 9V and M4 steels. The friction and wear tests were carried out on an automated pin-on-disc equipment which was a tool steel and the counter face was a silicon carbide abrasive disk.
Normal loads of 5 N, sliding velocity of 0.45 m / s, total slip distance of 3000 m and ambient temperature were employed. The wear rate was calculated by the Archard equation and the plotted graphs of the cumulative volume loss of pins versus slip distance. The specimens were suitably heat treated by rapid quenching and three cycles of quenching. The percentage of alloying elements, metallographic micro structure analysis and Vickers micro hardness of the specimens with the wear rate were performed, analyzed and correlated. The work is concluded with the presentation of a wear range of steel wear tool, comparing the abrasion wear resistance of different steel tool: the best tool of steel wear resistance evaluated was the Crucible steel CPM 9V.