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Abstract
Piezoelectric actuators are transducers that convert electrical energy into a mechanical displacement or stress using a piezoelectric effect. Since piezoelectric elements have excellent responsiveness and conversion efficiency from electrical energy to mechanical energy, various types of piezoelectric actuators utilizing the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric elements have been developed in recent years. A piezoelectric actuator which utilizes the piezoelectricity of crystal has been used widely in a high precision positioning mechanism since it can control a minute mechanical displacement at high speed. Piezoelectric actuators have the advantage of a high actuating precision and a fast reaction. Such actuators are components with a high electrical capacity whereby only part of the electrical energy supplied to the actuators is converted to mechanical energy. The piezoelectric actuators are driven in various manners according to the purposes and methods of use of systems to which they are applied.

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Reference:
http://electronics-manufacturersproducts/sensors-transducers-detectors/piezoelectric-actuator/

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