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06-09-2017, 08:29 PM

[b] [/b]Hi am Mohamed i would like to get details on physics investigatory project on internal resistance ..My friend Justin said physics investigatory project on internal resistance will be available here and now i am living at saudiand i last studied in the college/school ......... and now am doing ....i need help on ......etc

jaseela123d · 07-09-2017, 12:08 PM

A practical electrical power source which is a linear electric circuit may, according to Thévenin's theorem, be represented as an ideal voltage source in series with an impedance. This impedance is called the internal resistance of the source. When the power supply supplies current, the measured voltage output is less than the no-load voltage; the difference is the voltage drop (the product of current and resistance) caused by the internal resistance. The concept of internal resistance applies to all types of electrical sources and is useful for analyzing many types of electrical circuits.

A battery can be modeled as a voltage source in series with a resistance. In practice, the internal resistance of a battery depends on its size, chemical properties, age, temperature and discharge current. It has an electronic component due to the resistivity of the component materials and an ionic component due to electrochemical factors such as electrolytic conductivity, ionic mobility and electrode surface area. Measuring the internal resistance of a battery is a guide to its condition, but may not apply in conditions other than the test. Measurement with an alternating current, typically at a frequency of 1 kHz, may underestimate the resistance, since the frequency may be too high to account for the slower electrochemical processes. The internal resistance depends on the temperature; for example, a new Energiser E91 AA alkaline primary battery drops from approximately 0.9 Ω to -40 ° C, when the low temperature reduces ion mobility, to about 0.15 Ω at room temperature and about 0.1 Ω at 40 ° C.

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