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20-09-2017, 05:12 PM

Please provide me with a nice project on TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTIONS

jaseela123d · 21-09-2017, 10:12 AM

Total internal reflection is the phenomenon that occurs when a propagated wave strikes an average limit at an angle greater than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface. If the refractive index is lower on the other side of the boundary and the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, the wave can not traverse and reflect completely. The critical angle is the angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs. This is particularly common as an optical phenomenon, where light waves are involved, but occurs with many types of waves, such as electromagnetic waves in general or sound waves. When a wave reaches a boundary between different materials with different refractive indexes, the wave will generally be partially refracted at the boundary surface and partially reflected. However, if the angle of incidence is higher (ie, the direction of propagation is closer to being parallel to the limit) than the critical angle - the angle of incidence at which the light is refracted in such a way that it shifts to along the boundary - then the wave does not cross the border, but instead will be fully reflected back internally. This can only occur when the wave in a medium with a higher refractive index (n1) reaches a limit with a lower refractive index (n2) medium. For example, it will occur with light reaching the glass air, but not when reaching the glass of air.

Optical Description

Total internal light reflection can be shown using a semicircular block of glass or plastic. A "ray box" shines a beam of narrow light (a "ray") on the glass medium. The semicircular shape ensures that a ray pointing toward the center of the flat face will strike the curved surface at a right angle; this will avoid refraction at the air / glass boundary of the curved surface. At the glass / air limit of the flat surface, what happens depends on the angle. If θc is the critical angle, then the following scenarios represent what will happen according to the size of the incident angle.

• If θ ≤ θc, the ray will divide; some of the rays will be reflected off the edge, and some will refract as they pass. This is not a total internal reflection.

• If θ> θc, the whole ray is reflected from the limit. None pass. This is called total inner reflection. TIR is the abbreviation.

This physical property makes optical fibers useful and prismatic binoculars. It is also what gives diamonds their distinctive brilliance, since the diamond has an unusually high refractive index.

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