PRESENTED BY-
VAIBHAV DESHWAL

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“PHOTONICS”
INTRODUCTION
The science of photonics includes –
 Generation
 Emission
 Transmission
 Modulation
 Signal processing
 Switching
 Amplification
 Detection
 Sensing
 Its goal was to use light to perform functions that traditionally fell within the typical domain of electronics, such as telecommunications, information processing, etc.
 Photonics is related to quantum optics, optomechanics, electrooptics, optoelectronics and quantum electronics
History
 Photonics as a field began with the invention of the laser in 1960.
 Photonics use light to perform functions that fell within the typical domain of electronics, such as telecommunications, information processing, etc.
 Developments followed optical fiber and erbium -doped fiber ampifier,
Components
 Generator-. Photonics commonly uses semiconductor light sources like LEDs, superluminescent diodes and lasers
 Other light sources include fluorescent lamps ,CRTs, and plasma screens.
Amplifier
 Optical amplifiers used in optical communications are erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,
 Semiconductor optical amplifiers,
 Raman amplifiers
 Andoptical parametric amplifiers
Transmission media
 Glass fiber or plastic optical fiber can be used to guide the light along a desired path.
 Optical fibers allow for transmission distances of more than 100 km
Detector
 Photodetectors detect light.
 Photodetectors range from very fast photodiodes for communications applications over medium speed charge coupled devices (CCDs)
Modulation
 Modulation of a light source is used to encode information on a light source.
 Modulation can be achieved by the light source directly.
 One of the easiest examples is to use a flashlight to send Morse code.
 Crystals!!!
 These are new type of crystals displaying unusual and attractive properties with interaction with light
 Crystals made up of SiO2
 Photonics vs Electronics
 Electronic transistors will be replaced.
 10 times less heat produced.
 Processing speed increased 100 times.
 Coherent beams unlike electric currents pass through each other without interfering
 Electrons repels while photons do not
Bio-photonics
 Biophotonics can be used to study biological materials
 Optical coherence tomography.
 Diffuse optical imaging and tomography.
 NANOPhotonics
 Study of behaviour of light on nanometer scale
 Interaction of light at sub wavelength scales
Holography
 Holographs are 3-D storage device
 Holographic versatile discs are made with upto 4Tb memory
 Holds importance in entertainment
Photonics in communication
 Can pack more wavelengths in an optical fiber so that the transmission bandwidth is increased
 Technology behind 5G.
Photonic Computing
 Use photons rather than electrons.
 Optical transistors are used.
 Photonic logic is created.
 Switching is obtained using nonlinear optical effects.
Other Applications
 Information processing
 Lighting
 Metrology
 Spectroscopy
 Medicine
 Military technology
 Laser material processing
 Visual art
 Agriculture
 Robotics
 Construction
 Aviation
 Entertainment
Disadvantages
 Waveguides and fibres are harder to use than wire.
 The components are more expensive.
 Spurious reflections are much more troublesome.

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