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Performance study of Diesel Engine by using jatropha (Bio diesel) and its Blends with Diesel Fuel

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Presented By:
G.Pavankumar 06E11A0313
K.PramodhReddy 06E11A0317
V.YashwanthKumar 06E11A0341
A.Rakesh 06E11A0345

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OBJECTIVE
¢ To conduct performance test of CI engine using blended diesel with different fuel proportions. The alternate fuels used are pongamia, Jatropha.
¢ Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and brake power for various fuel proportions are to be determined. And performance charts to be drawn.



INTRODUCTION
¢ Present work deals with testing performance of CI engine with different blends of non-edible oil as well as their methyl esters with petrodiesel. To improve the performance of parameters like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption ,brake power and reduction in brake specific fuel consumption ,especially at higher load .
¢ The methods used to reduce viscosity are; blending, emulsification, pyrolysis and transesterfication.
¢ To conduct the performance on IC engine the following blended oils will be used
-JATROPHA
-PONGAMIA.
Specific Fuel Consumption (sfc) : The fuel consumption characteristics of an engine are generally expressed in terms of specific fuel consumption in kilograms of fuel per kilowatt-hr.
sfc = fuel consumption per unit time per unit power

Brake Thermal Efficiency : It is the ratio of energy in the brake power, bp, to the input fuel energy in appropriate units.
Brake Power : The rotational force available at the delivery point at the engine crank shaft and the power corresponding to it.




Diesel Fuel
¢ Diesel is heavier.
¢ Diesel is a better lubricant.
¢ Diesel evaporates much more slowly.
¢ Diesel™s boiling point is higher than water.
¢ Diesel fuel contains more energy.



RudolphDiesel
Invented Diesel Engine in 1892 to run on Peanut Oil
The use of vegetable oils may seem insignificant today. But such oils may in the course of time be as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of present time. “ 1912



Biodiesel:
Biodiesel is the name of a clean burning alternative fuel, produced from domestic, renewable resources. Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend. It can be used in compression-ignition engines with little or no modifications. Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics.



How is Biodiesel made?
Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called transesterification whereby the glycerin is separated from the fat or vegetable oil. The process leaves behind two products -- methyl esters (the chemical name for biodiesel) and glycerin, a valuable byproduct used in soaps and other products.



Biodiesel
¢ Biodiesel is non-toxic .
¢ Biodiesel is more lubricious than petrodiesel.
¢ Biodiesel is a solvent (rots rubber)
¢ Biodiesel decomposes more quickly than petrodiesel
¢ Biodiesel gels at a higher temperature than petrodiesel
¢ Biodiesel has a higher flash point (260°-425° F vs. 125 ° F)
¢ Biodiesel can be mixed with petrodiesel at any ratio



Engine
A diesel engine takes in just air, compresses it and then injects fuel into the compressed air. The heat of the compressed air lights the fuel spontaneously.




Engine Compression
A diesel engine compresses at a ratio of 14:1 to as high as 25:1. The higher compression ratio of the diesel engine leads to better efficiency.



Characteristics of old diesels
¢ Noisy
¢ Dirty
¢ Smelly
¢ No pick-up
¢ Difficult to start in winter
¢ Great mileage
¢ Low maintenance
¢ Last forever
¢ Accountants love em for the overall cost savings




Characteristics of Biodiesel
¢ Liquid varying in color
¢ Immiscible
¢ High boiling point of 360“640°F (182“338°C)
¢ Low vapor pressure: < 2 mmHg
¢ Flash point 199°F (93°C)
¢ Specific gravity between 0.86 & 0.90
¢ Vapor density > 1
¢ Less hazardous in terms of flammability



TESTING PROCEDURE
Transesterification:
¢ The conversion of jatropha oil into its methyl ester can be accomplished by the transesterification process.
¢ Three blends were obtained by mixing diesel and esterified jatropha in the following proportions by volume: 75% diesel + 25% esterified jatropha, 50% diesel + 50% esterified jatropha, and 25%
diesel + 75% esterified jatropha
¢ Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and brake power will be determined by testing the IC engines at various loads and results will be drawn on graphs to analyze.
Performance Curves:
¢ SFC [kg/kw hr] Vs Brake Power [kW]
¢ Brake thermal efficiency [%] Vs Brake power [kW]
¢ Exhaust gas temperature [°C] Vs Brake power [kW]