27-04-2011, 10:19 AM
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Abstract:
This project is designed to control the robot direction using PC. The control unit in receiver section controls the robot direction according to the commands given from PC which is present in the transmitter section by using RF wireless communication. As control unit 8051 microcontroller is used
One is transmitter and the second one is receiver section. Transmitter section consists of microcontroller, PC and RF transmitter. Micro controller is interfaced to PC through serial communication using MAX 232 level converter. Different directions of the robot are controlled by giving instructions to the robot with the help of data given to the PC using keypad.
Data will be given to microcontroller and controller will transmit that data to receiver module by using RF transmitter. Those data from the transmitter antenna will be transmitted and received by receiver antenna at the receiver section. Transmitter section consists of microcontroller, robot and RF receiver. The data received at the RF receiver is given to micro controller and according to the program written with in the controller, controller controls the robot directions. Robot can move in left, right directions etc… robot direction can be changed by changing the command given to the PC.
Robotics is the science and technology of robots, their design, manufacture, and application. Robotics requires a working knowledge of electronics, mechanics and software, and is usually accompanied by a large working knowledge of many subjects. Although the appearance and capabilities of robots vary vastly, all robots share the features of a mechanical, movable structure under some form of autonomous control.
The structure of a robot is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain (its functionality being akin to the skeleton of the human body). The chain is formed of links (its bones), actuators (its muscles) and joints which can allow one or more degrees of freedom. Most contemporary robots use open serial chains in which each page link connects the one before to the one after it. These robots are called serial robots and often resemble the human arm. Some robots, such as the Stewart platform, use closed parallel kinematic chains.
Block diagram:
Transmitter section: Transmitter
Receiver section: Receiver
Tools & Software:
• Soldering station
• Kiel IDE
• Multisim 10.0
• Express PCB
EMBEDDED SYSTEM:
An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the computer is completely encapsulated by or dedicated to the device or system it controls. Unlike a general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer, an embedded system performs one or a few predefined tasks, usually with very specific requirements. Since the system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product. Embedded systems are often mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.
Personal digital assistants (PDAs) or handheld computers are generally considered embedded devices because of the nature of their hardware design, even though they are more expandable in software terms. This line of definition continues to blur as devices expand. With the introduction of the OQO Model 2 with the Windows XP operating system and ports such as a USB port — both features usually belong to "general purpose computers", — the line of nomenclature blurs even more.
Physically, embedded systems ranges from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the systems controlling nuclear power plants.
In terms of complexity embedded systems can range from very simple with a single microcontroller chip, to very complex with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted inside a large chassis or enclosure.
Examples of Embedded Systems:
• Avionics, such as inertial guidance systems, flight control hardware/software and other integrated systems in aircraft and missiles
• Cellular telephones and telephone switches
• Engine controllers and antilock brake controllers for automobiles
• Home automation products, such as thermostats, air conditioners, sprinklers, and security monitoring systems
• Handheld calculators
• Handheld computers
• Household appliances, including microwave ovens, washing machines, television sets, DVD players and recorders
• Medical equipment
• Personal digital assistant
• Videogame consoles
• Computer peripherals such as routers and printers.
• Industrial controllers for remote machine operation.
Block diagram:
Transmitter section: Transmitter
Receiver section: Receiver
Block Diagram Explanation:
This Project mainly consists of Power Supply section, Microcontroller section, Motor Driver section and a sensor.
Power Supply Section: This section is meant for supplying Power to all the sections mentioned above. It basically consists of a 12V DC battery followed by a positive voltage regulator is used to regulate the required dc voltage for the Microcontroller circuit operation.
Microcontroller Section: This section forms the control unit of the whole project. This section basically consists of a Microcontroller with its associated circuitry like Crystal with capacitors, Reset circuitry, Pull up resistors (if needed) and so on. The Microcontroller forms the heart of the project because it controls the devices being interfaced and communicates with the devices according to the program being written.
In transmitter the function of this block is to send the data from PC to RF transmitter.
At reciver side this block is retrieve the data and do the function according to the command
Motor1, Motor 2: This section basically consists of the required circuitry to drive the motors. This is nothing but an H-Bridge circuitry to drive the motors which controls direction of the robot.
PC:
This block acts as remote control. It is nothing but a personal computer. The commands from PC are transferred to MCU.
RF transmitter:
This block contains RF transmitter module along with an encoder circuit. When MCU sends the data to this module from here this data converted into Radio signals.
RF receiver:
This block contains a reciver module with a decoder circuit. The data from RF receiver is retrieved and pass it to MCU.
