02-03-2015, 06:46 AM
i wont ppt presentation of advaanced techniques in construction
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paper presentation topic modern construction materials and techniques
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i wont ppt presentation of advaanced techniques in construction
13-04-2017, 03:44 PM
Modern building materials
Standards Promote Advances in Construction Technologies;
For virtually any product, standards are a critical step in the road from research and development to adoption in the market. Without standardization to streamline production processes, ensure quality and safety and provide benchmarks for regulators, the market and public acceptance of new products would be difficult to achieve. Many industries today are faced not only with the management of the progress of technological development, but with the pressures to do so efficiently, cost-effectively and with public and environmental safety in mind. The construction industry is no exception.
The appearance, component materials, energy efficiency and environmental impact of habitable structures have changed dramatically in recent years due in large part to the successful standardization of new materials, processes and technologies. This article provides a sampling of some of the most recently developed construction technologies and demonstrates where ASTM International technical committees have provided the necessary standards that have swept the new drawing table construction technologies and our built environment.
The skin of a building
![[Image: out_insulation.jpg]](https://www.astm.org/SNEWS/SEPTEMBER_2007/images/out_insulation.jpg)
EIFS
Insulation and exterior finishing systems were first used after World War II in Germany to re-create buildings damaged by the ravages of that conflict; Since the 1960s, its use has become widespread. EIFS are lightweight and multilayer barrier systems that help maintain moisture in exterior walls. With several components, from foam insulation panels affixed to a substrate and a base layer to a reinforcing mesh and finishing coat, EIFS are complex systems with materials that have to successfully connect for years to keep moisture at bay . Standards are critical for all components to ensure proper interaction and long service life.
Developing standards for EIFS has been a key activity of the ASTM International E06 Committee on Building Performance since the 1990s. Subcommittee E06.58 on Exterior Insulation and Finishing Systems published its first EIFS standard, E 2098, Test Method for determining the tensile strength of glass fiber reinforcement mesh for use in insulation and finishing systems Outside of class PB, in 2000. Since the mesh component of EIFS is embedded in base layers containing portland cement, they may be weakened by alkaline action. E 2098 helps laboratories comparatively evaluate the alkali resistance of EIFS glass fiber reinforcement meshes.
Since the development of this standard, Subcommittee E06.58 has followed with several more test methods and specifications that help users to assess and specify the quality and efficiency of these systems. The subcommittee also has 10 more standards in the pipeline.
Stone masonry cladding
The cost savings and freedom of design offered by stone masonry veneer products have led to their greater use in architectural projects. In fact, manufactured stone sales are expected to reach $ 900 million by 2009. Compared with natural stone, stone veneers can be reinforced with steel, can be accurately colored and have a predictable and useful life . The consistency of the appearance of the manufactured product makes the repetitive use of the material as an ornament or ornament is economically feasible. In addition, older structures can be rehabilitated with manufactured stone veneer that reproduces the appearance of stone deterioration.
Recently, ASTM International Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units formed Subcommittee C15.11 on Adhered Manufactured Stone Masonry Veneer in response to the industry's need for standardized practices and testing. The group is currently working on a specification for this material, a practice for its installation and a test method for determining the drainage efficiency of a wall system with a mortar scraping layer.
Structural Glazing
Structural glazing is a technology in which glass is attached to a building using sealants. Although it first appeared in the 1960s, structural glazing has experienced exponential growth over the last 20 years; It is now a familiar sight in tall buildings and other buildings in cities all over the world.
ASTM International has been involved in the research and standardization of structural sealant glazing for 30 years. The C24 Committee on Seals and Sealants for Buildings has developed 12 standards for this material. These include specifications, guidelines and test methodologies for such critical features, such as ensuring that a sealant is compatible with the fixtures in a glazing system, determining the tensile adhesion properties of a sealant and more. Since one of the main concerns about structural glazing in its early days was, of course, due to the fact that huge glass panels hanging from buildings by 12 mm adhesive balls, standards like these were, and remain , Crucial to enable the market AND public acceptance of technology.
ASTM has recently assembled these 12 standards along with research papers dating back to 1977 in the compilation ASTM Standards and Technical Articles Related to Structural Glazing.
Wood and plastic composites
Since the early 1990s, wood and plastic composite materials, made from recycled wood and plastic waste, have been used as economical and ecological alternatives to roofing; Components such as handrails, coatings, coatings, moldings and moldings, window frames and doors; And small structures such as park benches.
The participation of ASTM International technical committees in the development of standards related to wood and plastic composite materials began in the 1990s when the ASTM D20 Committee on Plastics increased the need to standardize what was at that time an emerging technology . At that time, research showed that existing standards for testing plastic materials were not suitable for the non-homogeneous nature of plastic wood. The D20 Committee series of standards for wood and plastic composite materials includes:
• D 6108, Test method for compression properties of wood and plastic forms;
• D 6109, Testing Methods for Flexural Properties of Reinforced and Reinforced Plastic Wood and Related Products;
• D 6111, Test method for bulk density and the specific gravity of wood and plastic forms by displacement;
• D 6112, Testing methods for compression and bending and bursting of wood and plastic forms;
• D 6117, Test methods for mechanical fasteners in wood and plastic forms;
• D 6341, Test Method for the Determination of the Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Plastic Timber and Plastic Wood Forms Between -30 and 140 ° F (-34.4 and 60 ° C);
• D 6435, Test Method for Properties of Plastic Shear and Plastic Wood Shapes; Y
• D 6662, Specification for polyolefin-based plastic dashboards.
More recently, the D07 Committee on Wood has developed two standards related to wood and plastic composite materials:
• D 7031, Guide to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of composite wood and plastic products; Y
• D 7032, Specification for Performance Ratings for Deck Plates and Wood-Plastic Composite Railing Systems (Guards or Handrails).
The second of these standards establishes procedures for establishing the performance ratings of wood and plastic composite products as the basis for code recognition and is referred to in the International Code Council's Acceptance Criteria for Evaluation Services 174.
Advances in Concrete
Concrete, which has been used for millennia in some form for structures and driveways, is being developed in ways that make its use easier, cheaper, safer, more varied and even more environmentally friendly.
For example, self-cementing concrete, a type that flows in forms without mechanical compaction, was theoretically proposed in the late 1980s by a Japanese scientist. Since then, technology has become viable and is being used in infrastructure projects around the world. The properties of SCC are achieved using high-range water reducing mixtures, increasing the total amount of fines and / or using mixtures which modify their viscosity in their plastic state. This type of concrete has numerous benefits and has expanded the role of concrete in architecture since it can be used in conventional ways and places of concrete can not.
Without standardized tests, self-consolidated concrete could not be manufactured effectively nor even used in the field. As with all types of concrete, in situ testing is of utmost importance to ensure the integrity of the structure being built. ASTM International Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates has responded to the need for standards with several briefs specifically for this material, including:
• C 1610 / C 1610M, Test method for the static segregation of self-consolidating concrete using the column technique;
• C 1611 / C 1611M, Test method for the settling flow of the self-consolidating concrete; Y
• C 1621 / C 1621M, Test method for passing the capacity of the self-consolidated concrete by the "J" -shaped ring.
In addition to these documents, there are more in the voting process, including standards for gross aggregate segregation and stability, as well as a terminology standard that will define terms related to self-consolidated concrete.
Another relatively new form of concrete is permeable concrete, which allows rainwater to infiltrate the underlying soil. This material promises to help the natural environment in an increasingly paved world, encouraging the normal flow of rainwater and alleviating flooding. The use of permeable concrete by municipalities and businesses is increasing, especially since the US Environmental Protection Agency has recognized its use as a better management practice for stormwater management.
ASTM Committee C09 has formed two working groups on the preparation of permeable concrete specimens and the investigation within its Subcommittee C09.49 on Pervious Concrete. One group is evaluating an international series of test methods being considered by agencies and researchers to determine which tests could be incorporated into ASTM International standards. The second group is developing a consolidation technique.
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