PANIPAT THERMAL POWER STATION PANIPAT (HARYANA)
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SUBMITTED BY:
SALMAN KHAN

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INTRODUCTION
Panipat Thermal Power Station is a project of Haryana Power Generation Company Limited (HPGCL) situated in Panipat Jind road at about 11 kms from Panipat Bus Stand.
Panipat Thermal Power Station (PTPS) has a total installed generation capacity of 1367.8 MW comprising of four Units of 110 MW each( unit1 uprated to 117.8 MW ) , two Units of 210 MW each and two Units of 250 MW each. As all the balance of plant facilities viz. Coal Handling Plant, Ash Handling Plant, Cooling towers, C.W. System are separate for 4x110 MW Unit 1 to 4 and are completely independent from Units 5 to 8. Keeping this in view and in order to improve the performance of the Plant and to have a better control, a need was felt to bifurcate PTPS into two Thermal Power Station i.e. PTPS-1, comprising of 4x110MW Units 1 to 4 and PTPS-2 comprising of 210MW /250MW Units 5 to 8.
Coal is used as primary fuel for generation of electricity, however Light Diesel Oil (L.D.O) and Heavy Fuel Oil (H.F.O) are also used in power plant under emergency conditions as an additional support for coal flames.
Super heated system is used as an energy carrier medium and it carries heat energy from boiler to turbine obtained by burning of coal in boiler. Western Yamuna Canal (WYC) is the main source of water for this power station. Water is taken from main WYC to the mini branch canal and is kept reserved in a tank at raw water pump house. Later on, this raw water is treated in Classifiers and DM water plant (Demineralization) for removal of suspended and dissolved impurities and then it is used in boiler for generation of steam.
Water and coal are main raw materials used in generation of electricity. Coal is transported through wagons from M/s Coal India Limited and is kept reserved in a buffer stock in coal handling station. Recently imported coal is also being used after blending it with indigenous coal on experimental basis.
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
Working of Thermal Power Plant can be explained with the help of a block diagram. The various equipments used in the working of thermal power plant are shown in fig. 1. The primary fuel, coal, is brought out by railway wagons to Coal Handling Station. These are unloaded with the help of Wagon Tipplers.
All the coal pieces are passed through a mesh to avoid entry of big sized coal pieces. The mesh allows the coal pieces of size 10’’ to 12’’ and bigger pieces are rejected by mesh. These big pieces are crushed to proper size. Then this coal is carried by conveyer belt up to crusher house where it is crushed to normal size of 1 mm cube to 1 cm cube as per the demand of coal in furnace in the powerhouse. This coal from the crusher is carried directly to coal bunkers attached directly above the coal mills.
If there is no demand in the furnace or the unit is not running, then this coal from crusher is carried up to coal storage through the conveyer belt where it is kept as reserve for emergency. Raw coal is sent from coal bunkers to coal mills through Raw Coal Feeders (RCF). Function of RCF is to regulate the quantity of the coal going to mills. The speed of RCF is lowered or increased as per requirement of coal in furnace.
Coal-fired thermal power station
1. Cooling tower. 2. Cooling water pump. 3. Transmission line (3-phase). 4. Unit transformer (3-phase). 5. Electric generator (3-phase). 6. Low pressure turbine. 7. Condensate extraction pump. 8. Condenser. 9. Intermediate pressure turbine. 10. Steam governor valve. 11. High pressure turbine. 12. Deaerator. 13. Feed heater. 14. Coal conveyor. 15. Coal hopper. 16. Pulverised fuel mill. 17. Boiler drum. 18. Ash hopper. 19. Superheater. 20. Forced draught fan. 21. Reheater. 22. Air intake. 23. Economiser. 24. Air preheater. 25. Precipitator. 26. Induced draught fan. 27. Chimney Stack.
In coal mills, more rpm of RCF means more intakes of coal to coal mills. In coal mills, coal is converted into fine pulverized powder with the help of big rollers in unit-5 (Bowl and Roller Mill) and with the help of Balls in unit-6 (Ball and Tube Mill). Then this coal powder is taken into furnace with the help of Hot Primary Air. It is burnt with the help of Secondary Air in the furnace.
As can be noticed from the above Para – there are two kind of air which helps in transportation and combustion of coal: -
1. Primary Air
2. Secondary Air
Primary Air serves as carrier for coal powder from coal mills to furnace. Secondary Air provides Oxygen required for the coal combustion in the furnace.
The regulation helps to maintain excess oxygen in the flue gas up to 3% maximum. It is regulated with the help of wind box damper provided at all corners of the boiler.
BOILER
Boiler is the equipment used to generate the steam. At PTPS, boilers with tangentially fired water tubes are used. The four walls of the boiler are constructed with water tubes and the heat produced due to combustion of coal in the furnace heats the water in the boiler. Boiler is hung with the help of girders and is free to expand downwards due to thermal expansion. It is called tangentially fired due to the reason that direction of fuel entering the furnace remains tangential to the fireball. The colour of the flame is golden-yellow at its peak performance.
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