I kindly request you for the introduction and the operation of the panic alarm.

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There can be any sudden situation of panic. It could be because of an intruder entering our house or bad health status at which we are unable to intimate to the people around us. Situations can be many for panicking. In this article we shall see how to make panic alarm which can help us to intimate others regarding our bad situation without any delay.
This circuit is made with a low cost hardware using IC 555 timer, buzzer, a few resistors and capacitors. It is made to be working reliably as it has simple to use and not so sensitive hardware like 555 timer, ceramic buzzer, capacitors, etc. Although no exclusive arrangement is used to make any compensation for the variable parameters, the circuit by default is made to be robust and easy to use. It is very user friendly with a single button to be pressed to handle the panicking situation without any trouble.

Also get an idea about Working of Burglar Alarm Circuit

The IC 555 is used in the astable mode with the frequency depending on the values of resistors R2, R3 and C2. The values of R2=100 k-ohm, R3=22 k-ohm and C2=22 uF. By substituting the given parameters in the respective formulas for IC 555 in astable mode, we get the following values. The frequency of operation of the circuit is given by 0.000455Hz. By finding the time period of the circuit by using the frequency information, we get the time period of the circuit as 2.22 seconds. This means the circuit has a on -off repeating time period of about 2.2 seconds.

By analyzing the ON and OFF time period of the panic alarm circuit given above, we find that the circuit will remain on for about 1.88 seconds and off for about 0.339 seconds.

The circuit is in the disabled mode when the button is not pressed and hence the alarm will not function when the button is not pressed. Although the power supply will be supplied to the IC 555 all the time, the circuit will operate in the monostable mode only when the IC is enabled. The IC is in the enable mode only when pin 4 of the 555 IC is given a high voltage. This happens only when the button is pressed. The button can be made to have a plastic enclosure to have a better visibility and ease of access to it.

panic alarm

A panic alarm is an electronic device designed to assist in alerting somebody in emergency situations where a threat to persons or property exists.
A panic alarm is frequently but not always controlled by a concealed panic alarm button. These buttons can be connected to a monitoring center or locally via a silent alarm or an audible bell/siren. The alarm can be used to request emergency assistance from local security, police or emergency services. Some systems can also activate closed-circuit television to record or assess the event.
Alarm
Examples of alarm panic buttons are:
A button in a critical system (such as a nuclear weapons system) used to quickly activate an extreme measure to mitigate an emergency situation.
A red button integral to key fobs which activates a car alarm's siren.
A device given to elderly individuals in order to maintain their independence outside of an Aged Care Facility, while still affording them a means of summoning help should they require it (i.e. a medical emergency that renders them immobile, like a fall, injury or illness). Such a device can also be referred to as an Emergency Medical Alert (EMA) button and can be fitted as either a pendant or bracelet to be worn by the user. MAB's are usually wireless connected to a call center. When the alarm is raised, an operator will call the individual's home to ensure a false alarm has not occurred; if there is no answer, the operator will alert either family members, emergency services, or both.
A button similar to the above, which is used indoors in self-sufficient houses for elderly people, where it alerts someone inside the house, who will then first check for a false alarm by phoning the person, and if there is no false alarm, will enter the person's flat to check what is the problem.
A button used in convenience stores, gas station, or other establishments staffed with a single employee during late hours. Often located under the counter near the cash register or safe, the button can be pressed in times of distress (Such as robbery, disruptive or threatening behavior, or a situation which may warrant assistance), triggering a silent alarm. If the button alarms a private security company, a fee may be charged for each time the button is used. This prevents misuse, and often aids in the employees judgment of the situation; whether or not it warrants the fee to have help to deal with the situation.
A boss key.
In pop culture, humorous variants of such a panic button also exist, such as a wearable button bearing only the word "PANIC" or an adhesive key, meant to look like a key for a computer keyboard, usually red, and also bearing only the word "PANIC".
Medical alert
A medical alert panic button or medical alarm is an electronic device worn on a bracelet or necklace as part of a medical alert system. When pressed, it sends a wireless signal to a home console which dials alarm monitoring staff and alerts them of an emergency condition. Depending on the severity of the situation, alarm monitoring staff will summon friends, family, or emergency services. A panic button alarm is a self-contained electronic device powered by an internal long-life battery, typically Waterproof and designed to be shock resistant and highly durable.



Introduction to Panic Alarms
Purpose

The purpose of a panic alarm is to allow a person under duress to quickly and silently call for help in the event of an emergency. Panic alarms are also called "duress alarms", "hold-up alarms", or "panic buttons".

Panic alarms are used when it may be unsafe or uncomfortable to call for help in other ways. For example, if a belligerent person is standing in your lobby, it may be unwise to further escalate the situation by picking up a phone to call for assistance. A panic alarm can provide a quick and convenient way to summon help without drawing attention.

Silva Consultants feels that almost every business can benefit from the use of panic alarms. Places where panic alarms may be particularly beneficial include:
Receptionist's desks in building lobbies.
Security stations and checkpoints.
Shipping/receiving areas.
Customer service counters.
Check-out counters and cashier's stations.
Rooms where cash or other valuables are received, processed, or stored.
Interview rooms in Human Resources department.
Executive office suites.
Places where confrontations with the public are likely to occur.
Components of a Panic Alarm System
Panic alarms consist of two basic components:

Panic Button

The panic button is the device that the person activates when he or she needs help. There are many styles of panic buttons available. These can have a single pushbutton, two pushbuttons that must be pressed simultaneously, devices that must be squeezed, and devices that are activated by a foot or knee. There are also devices that can be covertly activated when cash or a product is removed at the request of a robber. Most panic buttons are specifically designed to resist accidental activation.

Panic buttons are normally installed in a location where they can easily be reached, yet out of view of the casual observer. In many cases, panic buttons are installed on the underside of a desk or counter-top.

Panic buttons can be the wired type or wireless type. Wired panic buttons are connected using cabling. Wired panic buttons are very reliable, but it can sometimes be difficult and costly to get cable to each panic button location.

Wireless panic buttons use a short-range radio transmitter, similar to that used with a garage door opener. Wireless panic buttons are easy to install and can be placed just about anywhere. Wireless panic buttons can also be carried around on the premises by employees if desired. Wireless panic buttons require batteries and need to be tested frequently to assure that they are operating properly.

Communications System

The communications system is the method that is used to summon help when a panic button is pressed. The type of communications system used depends largely on the resources available at the facility where the panic alarm is being installed and the level of security threat.

Types of communications systems used can include:

Communications to an off-site alarm monitoring center:

This method would typically be used at facilities that do not have an on-site security staff, such as at a small business. The panic buttons would be connected to an alarm control panel which sends a signal to the monitoring center when a panic button is pressed. The alarm monitoring center would then call the police or other appropriate people to respond to the site.

Communications to security control center:

Most large companies have some type of centralized security monitoring and control center, either on-site, or at a central location somewhere within their organization. When this type of resource exists, panic buttons are typically monitored at the control center. Most often, panic buttons are connected to the organization's access control and security management system, which transmits the alarm to the control center.

When a panic button is pressed, it sounds an alarm in the security control center. The center would then dispatch local security officers and/or the police to respond to the site.

Communications to non-security personnel:

Some organizations that do not have on-site security choose to notify non-security personnel when a panic button is pressed. Often, the organization will form a "response team" consisting of employees from multiple departments (Facilities, HR, etc.) and ask that these employees respond when a panic button is pressed.

There are various systems that can be used to notify the response team when a panic button has been pressed. These include can include overhead paging systems and devices that send voice messages, text messages, or email messages directly to smartphones.

Tips for Successfully Using Panic Alarms

Panic alarms are worthless unless people know how to use them. Provide frequent training and make employees practice using panic buttons, particularly at positions where there is high employee turnover.
When possible, provide a video surveillance camera that views each area where a panic button is installed. The panic alarm system should be interfaced to the video surveillance system to provide real-time recording when a panic button has been pressed. At facilities that have a security control center, the video surveillance system should automatically display the appropriate cameras at the control center whenever a panic button has been activated. This allows the center to assess the situation in order to send the proper response.
Facilities that use a response team to respond to panic alarms should have some method to assess the situation before personnel enter the scene. Cameras that view panic button locations should be remotely viewable by response team members. This can be done using a computer on the network that has video viewing software, or by providing one or more dedicated video monitors.
In some locations, different types of responses may be needed to handle different types of situations. For example, a drunk person in the lobby poses a different threat than an armed robber, yet employees may wish to have a method for discretely summoning help in either case. To handle this, it is possible to install what we call a "two-state" panic button. This button can be programmed so that two types of signals can be sent, one for true emergencies, and one for when help is needed but the situation doesn't require an emergency response.