(PAID)Want Seminar Report On Noise Reduction Techniques
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Hi Friends i want a seminar report on Noise Reduction Techniques. Please someone help me , if anyone willing to do that i am ready to pay for that also. Please Give me if you have it. And PM me if u want to get paid so we can discuss Smile
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Ravi
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#2
Introduction:

Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal.

All recorders as well as analog or digital, are the properties that make them sensitive to noise. Noise can be random or white noise, with no consistent or coherent noise, the use of the mechanism of the device or algorithms.

Recording equipment is an electronic form a lot of noise, hiss caused by random electrons, strongly influenced by the warmth of their wandering designated path. These stray electrons influence the voltage of the output signal and thus create detectable noise.

In the case of photographic film and magnetic tape, noise (both visible and audible) occurs due to the grain structure of the medium. In the film, the grain size in the film determines the speed of the film, the film more sensitive to grains larger format. In one tape, the more grains of magnetic particles (iron oxide or magnetite, usually), the medium is more prone to noise.

In audio


When using recording technology on analog tape, they can have a form of noise known as tape hiss. This is related to particle size and texture, used in magnetic emulsion that is sprayed onto a recording medium, and also the relative speed of the tape in the heads.

Four types of noise exist: one side of pre-registration, a position for noise reduction, noise reduction, one-sided surface, and codec systems or dual-ended. Unilateral pre-storage systems (such as Dolby HX Pro) work will contribute to a recording medium. Single-ended noise reduction systems (such as DNR) are working to reduce the noise when it happens, for example before and after the recording of a live broadcast applications. Single-ended noise reduction surface (such as cedar and earlier SAE 5000A TNe and Burwen 7000) applies to playing audio CDs to mitigate scratching sound, pop, and the surface non-linearity. Dual-ended systems (such as Dolby NR and dbx Type I and II) is a pre-emphasis on the process used during recording, and then de-emphasis process applied to the playback.


Dolby and dbx noise reduction system

Although there are dozens of different types of noise reduction, the first technique widely used in audio noise reduction has been developed by Ray Dolby in 1966. Designed for professional use, Dolby Type A was a coding / decoding which increased the amplitude of frequencies in four bands during recording (encoding) and then decreased proportionately during playback (decoding). The Dolby B system (developed in collaboration with Henry Kloss) was a single band designed for consumer products. In particular, when recording a quiet frequency audio signal above 1 kHz would be strengthened. This had the effect of increasing the signal to noise ratio on tape up to 10 dB, depending on the volume of the original signal. When played, the decoder to reverse the process, in effect, reduce the noise level of 10 dB. Dolby B, while not as effective as Dolby A, had the advantage of remaining listenable on playback systems without a decoder.

Dbx was the competing analog noise reduction developed by dbx laboratories. He used a root-mean-squared (RMS) encoding / decoding algorithms with the issue of noise frequency stimulated, and all the signal provided by an expander 2:01. Dbx operated across the audible bandwidth and unlike Dolby B could not be used as an open system is complete. However, it could reach up to 30 dB noise reduction. Since Analog video recordings use frequency modulation for the luminance part (composite video signal in the direct color systems), keeping the tape at saturation, audio style noise reduction is useless.


Dynamic Noise Reduction


Dynamic Noise Reduction (DNR) is an audio noise reduction, presented by National Semiconductor to reduce noise levels in long-distance telephony. First sold in 1981, DNR is often confused with the system much more common reduction Dolby noise.] However, unlike Dolby and dbx Type I and Type II systems to reduce system noise is a DNR read only the signal processing that does not require primary source material is encoded and can be used in combination with other forms of noise reduction. [3] It was an evolution of Philips patented Dynamic noise limiter (DNL), introduced in 1971, with the circuitry on a single chip.

Since the DNR is non-complementary, ie that does not require encoded source, can be removed from the background noise from any audio signal, including magnetic tapes and FM radio broadcasts, and reduces noise by up to 10 dB. It can be used in combination with other noise reduction systems, provided that they are used before the glue prevents the DNR DNR mistrack create additional noise reduction system.

One of the first applications of the MNR were widespread GM Delco Bose radio in GM cars US (later added to the Delco-manufactured car in GM vehicles as well), introduced in 1984. It was also used in the Jeep factory radios in the 1980s, such as Cherokee XJ. Today, DNR, DNL, ​​and similar systems frequently encountered as systems to reduce system noise microphone


In pictures


Pictures taken with two digital cameras and conventional cameras will pick up noise from a variety of sources. Many other uses of these images requires that the noise would be (partly) removed - for aesthetic purposes as in artistic work, or marketing, or for practical purposes, such as computer vision.


Types


Noise salt and pepper (a light interference and a few dark), the image pixels are very different from the color or intensity of the surrounding pixels; feature is that the value of the pixel noise has no relation to the color of the surrounding pixels. In general, the noise relates to only a small part of the image pixel. When viewed, the image contains dark and white points, so the term salt and pepper noise. Typical are the specks of dust from the camera and elements overheated or defective CCD.

In Gaussian noise, each pixel will be changed from its initial value by an amount (usually) small. A histogram, a graph of the amount of distortion of a pixel value versus frequency of occurrence, shows a normal distribution of noise. While other distributions is possible, the Gaussian (normal) distribution is generally a good model, because the central limit theorem, which states that the sum of noise tends to approach a Gaussian distribution.

In both cases, the sounds of different pixels is correlated or uncorrelated, and in many cases, the noise values ​​at different pixels are modeled as independent and identically distributed, and therefore not correlated.


Chroma and luminance noise separation
Linear smoothing filters
Anisotropic diffusion
Nonlinear filters
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to get information about the topic"Want Seminar Report On Noise Reduction Techniques"refer the page link bellow

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visit seminar page of 'engineers world online'
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to get information about the topic"Noise Reduction Techniques"refer the page link bellow

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