Presented By:
PRATYUSH MISHRA

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What is an OLED?
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
An OLED is any light emitting diode (LED) in which emissive electroluminescent layer is film of organic compounds.
 Birth of OLEDs
 First successfully created by Ching Tang and Steve Van Slyke in 1987 at Kodak Labs.
 First tests – very efficient, simple to make
 Showed potential for displays
 History of OLEDs
 First developed in the early 1950s in France
 Architecture of OLEDs
 SUBSTRATE
 ANODE
 CONDUCTING LAYER
 EMISSIVE LAYER
 CATHODE
 How OLED Works
1. Voltage applied across Cathode and Anode
1. Typically 2V-10V
2. Current flows from cathode to anode
1. Electrons flow to emissive layer
2. Electrons removed from conductive layer leaving holes
3. Holes jump into emissive layer
3. Electron and hole combine and light emitted
 Types of OLEDs
 Passive-matrix OLED
 Active-matrix OLED
 Transparent OLED
 Top-emitting OLED
 Foldable OLED
 White OLED
 1. Passive-Matrix OLED (PMOLED)
 Perpendicular cathode/anode strip orientation
 Light emitted at intersection (pixels)
 External circuitry
 Turns on/off pixels
 External circuitry
 Large power consumption
 Used on 1-3 inch screens
 Alphanumeric displays
 2. Active-Matrix OLED
(AMOLED)
 Full layers of cathode, anode, organic molecules
 Thin Film Transistor matrix (TFT) on top of anode
 Internal circuitry to determine which pixels to turn on/off
 Less power consumed then PMOLED
 Used for larger displays
 3. Transparent OLED
TOLED
 Transparent substrate, cathode and anode
 Bi-direction light emission
 Passive or Active Matrix OLED
 Useful for heads-up display
 Transparent projector screen
 glasses
 4. Top-emitting OLED
TEOLED
 Non-transparent or reflective substrate
 Transparent Cathode
 Used with Active Matrix Device
 Smart card displays
 5. Foldable OLED
 Flexable metalic foil or plastic substrate
 Lightweight and durable
 Clothing OLED
 6. White OLED
 Emits bright white light
 Replace fluorescent lights
 Reduce energy cost for lighting
 Advantages of OLEDs
 Much faster response time
 Consume significantly less energy
 Able to display "True Black" picture
 Thinner display
 Better contrast ratio
 Safer for the environment
 OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs
 New design concepts for interior lighting
 Disadvantages of OLEDs
 Cost to manufacture is high
 Easily damaged by water
 Limited market availability
 Not as easy as changing a light bulb
 Current Research for OLEDs
• Manufacturers focusing on finding a cheap way to produce
o "Roll-to-Roll" Manufacturing
• Increasing efficiency of blue luminance
 Applications of OLEDs
• TVs
• Cell Phone screens
• Computer Screens
• Keyboards (Optimus Maximus)
• Lights
• Portable Device displays
 OLEDs as a Light Source
 OLED Televisions
• Released XEL-1 in February 2009.
• First OLED TV sold in stores.
• 11'' screen, 3mm thin
• Weighs approximately 1.9 kg
• Wide 178 degree viewing angle
• Optimus Maximus Keyboard
Lighting
• Flexible / bendable lighting
• Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space
• Transparent lighting doubles as a window
Cell Phones
• Nokia 888
 Future Uses for OLED
Transparent Car Navigation System on Windshield
• Using Samsungs' transparent OLED technology
Scroll Laptop
• Nokia concept OLED Laptop