OPTIMAL ROUTE SELECTION FOR THE TRANSMISSION MAIN OF A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM USING GIS
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THE OPTIMAL ROUTE SELECTION FOR THE TRANSMISSION MAIN OF A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM USING GIS



INTRODUCTION

As the planning of water distribution system is carried out through complicated and repeated process,the researches have been tried to improve those processes through the better tools of geographic information and decision making support techniques in addition to mathematical and computational applications
The developed system can be applied to select a optimal pipeline path from intake source to multiple demand areas among various alternative routes by using GIS technique.


FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE ROUTE SELECTION

HYDRAULIC STABILITY

ECONOMIC PROPERTY

SOCIO TECHNICAL APPLICABILITY



MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF GIS STUDY ARE

DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL PIPELINE ROUTE FROM AN INTAKE SOURCE TO MANY WATER DEMAND AREA

SITE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT

HYDRAULIC STABILITY ANALYSIS & ECONOMIC EVALUATION ON THE PROPOSED ALTERNATIVES OF WATER SUPPLY PLANNING



WHAT GIS DOESN'T MEAN?

The colorful mapping capabilities of GIS make many people think that geographic information systems are simply computerized maps. They are not. They are much more. Although they can make maps, and much of their output is displayed as maps,
that is not their principal purpose.First and foremost,
they are information integration systems. Being based on geography has proven to make them particularly powerful for many governmental and other uses.



THE GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
DEFINITION

A Geographic Information System(GIS) is defined
as a system for entering,storing, manipulating,analyzing and
displaying geographic or spatial data. These datas are
represented by points,lines and polygons along with their
associated attributes such as characteristics of the features
which the points,lines and polygons represent. Technically,GIS
includes mapping software and its application with
remote sensing,land surveying,aerial
photography,mathematics,photogrammetry,geography and
tools that can be implemented with GIS software.


SOFTWARES USED IN GIS

Gramm++( indigenous )
MapInfo
ArcInfo ArcGIS
Bentley
Intergraph
Microstation descrates
Envey
Geomatica
Erdas


USES OF GIS IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

Better land use Incorporate new water supply system and identify changes.
Add infrastructure information on locations of head works,treatment works,pipeline,reservoirs etc.
Enables to perform trend analysis in water supply.
Tracks impacts of various land uses on water supply.
Produces intelligent maps and graphics that allow viewing data concerning water supply system.
Add information like zoning and detailed land use.
Help in developing strategies for protecting water quality,overlay zoning,institution of best management practice etc.
Incorporate background information like geology etc.
Helps to make decision


OTHER AREA OF APPLICATIONS OF GIS

AGRICULTURE

Acreage Crop estimation
Soil analysis and conservation
Land use mapping
Harvest scheduling
Pollution and erosion management
Irrigation management



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Forest resource management
Environmental impact assessment
Wasteland development
Wetland conservation
Change detection
Endangered species mapping
Environmental monitoring



TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT

Transportation planning

Optimal route identification

Traffic management

Road layout planning


OTHER AREAS

Automated mapping / Fascilities management

Crime tracking and analysis

Market assessment

Fascility optimization etc.



INITIAL SELECTION OF PIPELINE ROUTE ALTERNATIVES BY USING GIS


The idea of developing a process to
select an optimum pipeline alignment between
two points encounters some basic issues. They
are cost,availability of land,and public
concerns in the communities through the
pipelines are aligned.


ROUTE SELECTION PROCESS SUMMARY

The logical process by which the alignment should be selected must be based on construction costs as well as important non cost issues. The fundamental concepts selected for the present study is

A study area was defined to encompass the entire region through which the pipe line may be located.
All possible alignments for the pipeline were considered before eliminating alternatives.


GIS AS A ROUTE SELECTION TOOL

GIS technology is ideally suited for a pipeline route selection because
Extremely large amount of data that can be managed for a large sized project.
It involves a large amount of digital mapping of physical,political and topographical features,physical features such as roads,utilities and canals.
It helps to quickly determine the optimum route between two points based upon cost,actual length,ease of construction or any other factor. After establishing each of the alignment alternatives GIS software can also be used for ranking the alternatives on basis of comparative length and associated cost.


LIMITATIONS OF GIS

Lack of awareness of existing data sets .
Lack of or inadequate metadata(information about data).
Lack of uniform policies on access, cost ,
recovery, revenue generation, and pricing.
Lack of uniform policies regarding data ownership,maintenance, and liability.
Absence of tools and guidelines for sharing
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