PRESENTED BY
Harisha panati

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Abstract—
This paper reviews how the original Telexistence (tele-existence) technology eloped, and describes a newly developed method of mutual
Telexistence using projection technology onto retro-reflective objects
dubbed RPT (Retro-reflective Projection Technology). Telexistence systems
provide an operator the real-time sensation of being in a remote
environment, persons in the remote environment have only a feeling
that a surrogate robot is presented, not the operator.
INTRODUCTION
Optical camouflage is a kind of active camouflage which completely
envelopes the wearer. It displays an image of the scene on the side opposite the viewer on it, so that the viewer can "see through "the wearer, rendering the wearer invisible. Optical camouflage doesn't work by way of magic. It works by taking advantage of something called Augmented-reality technology . The idea is relatively straightforward: to create the illusion of invisibility by covering an object with something that projects the scene directly behind that Object. Examples include a tiger's stripes and the battledress of a modern soldier
WORKING:
Optical camouflage doesn't work by way of magic. It works by taking advantage of something called Augmented-reality technology
Optical camouflage requires these things as well, but it also necessitates several other components. Here's everything needed to make a person appear invisible:
1. A garment made from highly reflective Material
2. A digital video camera
3. A computer
4. A projector
5. A special, half-silvered mirror called a Combiner.
For using optical camouflage, the following Steps are to be followed –
1. The person who wants to be invisible (let's Call her Person A) dons a garment That resembles a hooded raincoat. The garment is made of a special material that we’ll examine more closely in a moment.
2. An observer (Person B) stands before Person A at a specific location. At that Location, instead of seeing Person a wearing a hooded raincoat, Person B sees right through the cloak, making Person A appear to be invisible
RETROREFLECTIVITY:
The cloak that enables optical camouflage to work is made from a special material known as retro-reflective material. A retro reflective material is covered with thousands and thousands of small beads. A retro reflector is a device that sends light or other radiation back where it came from regardless of the angle of incidence, unlike a mirror, which does that only if the mirror is exactly perpendicular to the light beam. Light source is a flash a few centimeters above camera lens.This effect can be commonly obtained in Two ways:
1. With reflecting and refracting optical elements arranged so that the focal surface of the refractive element coincides with the reflective surface, In that case, the sphere surface behaves as a Concave spherical mirror with the required curvature This is conventionally known as a cat's eye retro reflector in either configuration.

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WHAT IS OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE?
• Optical camouflage is a hypothetical type of active camouflage currently only in a very primitive stage of development. The idea is relatively straightforward: to create the illusion of invisibility by covering an object with something that projects the scene directly behind that object .
• Optical camouflage is a kind of active camouflage which completely envelopes the wearer. It displays an image of the scene on the side opposite the viewer on it, so that the viewer can "see through" the wearer, rendering the wearer invisible.
• Although optical is a term that technically refers to all forms of light, most proposed forms of optical camouflage would only provide invisibility in the visible portion of the spectrum. Prototype examples and proposed designs of optical camouflage devices range back to the late eighties at least, and the concept began to appear in fiction in the late nineties.
Fact or Fiction?
• If you’ve seen Harry Potter then you may recognize the idea of an invisibility cloak.
When did this all begin?
Tokyo Method:
• Professor Tachi from the University of Tokyo first had the idea of developing something to make objects invisible in 1977. But the image was flat & unrealistic . Then he came up with retro-reflective material which causes the coat to act as a screen and gives a transparent - or invisible - effect.
• 1. Uses camera to capture picture
2. Processes it to a computer
3. Projected onto the reflective cloak
Duke Method:
Duke University is using microwave beam deflection, making it appear almost as if nothing were there at all.
1. Rely on product called “meta-material”
2. The meta-material will influence the electromagnetic waves around it creating a “warped effect.”
3. This creates the invisible effect.
TECHNOLOGY FOCUS
Although optical is a term that technically refers to all forms of light, most
proposed forms of optical camouflage would only provide invisibility in the visible portion of the spectrum.
This technology is currently only in a very primitive stage of development.
Creating complete optical camouflage across the visible light spectrum would require a coating or suit covered in tiny cameras and projectors, programmed to gather visual data from a multitude of different angles and project the gathered images outwards in an equally large number of different directions to give the illusion of invisibility from all angles. For a surface subject to bending like a flexible suit, a massive amount of computing power and embedded sensors would be necessary to continuously project the correct images in all directions
HOW DOES IT WORK?
Creating complete optical camouflage across the visible light spectrum would require a coating or suit covered in tiny cameras and projectors, programmed to gather visual data from a multitude of different angles and project the gathered images outwards in an equally large number of different directions to give the illusion of invisibility from all angles. For a surface subject to bending like a flexible suit, a massive amount of computing power and embedded sensors would be necessary to continuously project the correct images in all directions. This would almost certainly require sophisticated nanotechnology, as our computers, projectors, and cameras are not yet miniaturized enough to meet these conditions.
Components of Optical Camouflage
Components
Video Camera
• Capturing the background image requires a video camera, which sits behind the person wearing the cloak. The video from the camera must be in a digital format so it can be sent to a computer for processing.
Computer
• For optical camouflage to work, the hardware/software combo must take the captured image from the video camera, calculate the appropriate perspective to simulate reality and transform the captured image into the image that will be projected onto the retro-reflective material.
• The Complete System
• REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS
• Application #1: Medical
• Surgery
• Doctors could use the “invisibility” to see through their hands and tools to make the underlying tissue more “visible.”
• Application #2: Aviation
• Pilots could use optical camouflage to make cockpit floors transparent
• They can see through the cockpit floors to the runway and landing gear
• Application #3: Automotive
• Cars
• A transparent rear hatch or tailgate would make it easy to know when to stop.

PRESENTING BY:
K.KARTHIK
K.PAVANKUMAR .
S.RAVITEJA

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Introduction:
1. Definition
Active camouflage differs from conventional means of concealment in two important ways: firstly, it makes the camouflaged object appear not merely similar to its surroundings, but effectively invisible through the use of mimicry;
secondly, active camouflage changes the appearance of the object as changes occur in the background. Ideally, active camouflage mimics nearby objects as well as objects as distant as the horizon.
2.optical camouflage
Wearable version of illusory transparency made from a tiling of flat panel displays supplied with images from cameras, and a computer processing system. This functioning prototype is limited by the number of sensors and transducers.
Outside of fiction, the concept exists only in theory and in proof-of-concept prototypes, although many experts consider it technically feasible. In 2003, three professors at University of Tokyo — Susumu Tachi, Masahiko Inami and Naoki Kawakami — created a prototypical camouflage system in which a video camera takes a shot of the background and displays it on a cloth using an external projector. The same year Time magazine named it the coolest invention of 2003. With flexible electronics such as a flexible liquid crystal display that would permit display of the background image by the material itself, this form of optical camouflage may closely resemble its fictional counterparts
Phased array optics (PAO) provides a more ideal implementation of optical camouflage. Instead of producing a two dimensional image of background scenery on an object, PAO would use computational holography to produces a three dimensional hologram of background scenery on an object to be concealed. Unlike a two dimensional image, the holographic image would appear to be the actual scenery behind the object independent of viewer distance or view angle
3.Fictional examples
Optical camouflage is a kind of active camouflage which completely envelopes the wearer. It displays an image of the scene on the side opposite the viewer on it, so that the viewer can "see through" the wearer, rendering the wearer invisible. The idea appears in many fictional works, such as the William Gibson novel Neuromancer, where it is referred to as a "mimetic polycarbon suit," and the 1979 novel Mirror Friend, Mirror Foe by George Takei and Robert Asprin. Also referred to as "thermoptic camouflage" or simply "thermoptics," this technology was popularized by the sci-fi manga (and later anime) Ghost in the Shell and Gantz..
In fiction
The active camouflage suit by name is credited to science fiction author Philip K. Dick in his 1974 novel A Scanner Darkly. Worn by the narcotics double agent Bob Arctor/Fred, the "scramble suit" is described as a flexible sheath covering the body of the wearer with a reflective/refractive coating on the inside surface that transfers the camouflaging pattern — projected by a holographic lens mounted on the wearer's head — onto the outside surface of the sheath.
Dick's invention has been copied many times in novels, films and video games to become a standard device in science fiction. Examples appear in the Arnold Schwarzenegger film Predator, the James Bond film Die Another Day, the Metal Gear Solid video game series, the MMOFPS game PlanetSide, the,halo video game series, the Crysis new generation video game ( see more about nano suit here) and the Japanese Anime and Manga Ghost in the Shell and Gantz — cited as the inspiration for Tokyo University experiments into optical camouflage. A similar cloaking device is found in Star Trek, however this example does not achieve active camouflage in the same way.

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