Optical Camouflage
#1

Definition
Optical camouflage is a hypothetical type of active camouflage currently only in a very primitive stage of development. The idea is relatively straightforward: to create the illusion of invisibility by covering an object with something that projects the scene directly behind that object. Although optical is a term that technically refers to all forms of light, most proposed forms of optical camouflage would only provide invisibility in the visible portion of the spectrum. Prototype examples and proposed designs of optical camouflage devices range back to the late eighties at least, and the concept began to appear in fiction in the late nineties.

The most intriguing prototypes of optical camouflage yet have been created by the Tachi Lab at the University of Tokyo, under the supervision of professors Susumu Tachi, Masahiko Inami and Naoki Kawakami. Their prototype uses an external camera placed behind the cloaked object to record a scene, which it then transmits to a computer for image processing. The computer feeds the image into an external projector which projects the image onto a person wearing a special retroreflective coat. This can lead to different results depending on the quality of the camera, the projector, and the coat, but by the late nineties, convincing illusions were created. The downside is the large amount of external hardware required, along with the fact that the illusion is only convincing when viewed from a certain angle.

Creating complete optical camouflage across the visible light spectrum would require a coating or suit covered in tiny cameras and projectors, programmed to gather visual data from a multitude of different angles and project the gathered images outwards in an equally large number of different directions to give the illusion of invisibility from all angles. For a surface subject to bending like a flexible suit, a massive amount of computing power and embedded sensors would be necessary to continuously project the correct images in all directions. This would almost certainly require sophisticated nanotechnology, as our computers, projectors, and cameras are not yet miniaturized enough to meet these conditions.

Although the suit described above would provide a convincing illusion to the naked eye of a human observer, more sophisticated machinery would be necessary to create perfect illusions in other electromagnetic bands, such as the infrared band. Sophisticated target-tracking software could ensure that the majority of computing power is focused on projecting false images in those directions where observers are most likely to be present, creating the most realistic illusion possible.
Creating a truly realistic optical illusion would likely require Phase Array Optics, which would project light of a specific amplitude and phase and therefore provide even greater levels of invisibility. We may end up finding optical camouflage to be most useful in the environment of space, where any given background is generally less complex than earthly backdrops and therefore easier to record, process, and project.

Active camouflage

Active camouflage is a group of camouflage technologies which allow an object to blend into its surroundings by use of panels or coatings capable of altering their appearance, color, luminance and reflective properties. Active camouflage has the potential to achieve perfect concealment from visual detection.Active camouflage differs from conventional means of concealment in two important ways. First, it makes the object appear not merely similar to its surroundings, but invisible through the use of perfect mimicry. Second, active camouflage changes the appearance of the object in real time. Ideally, active camouflage mimics nearby objects as well as objects as distant as the horizon. The effect should be similar to looking through a pane of glass, making the camouflaged object practically invisible.

Active camouflage has its origins in the diffused lighting camouflage first tested on Canadian Navy corvettes during World War II, and later in the armed forces of the United Kingdom and the United States of America.
Current systems began with a United States Air Force program which placed low-intensity blue lights on aircraft. As night skies are not pitch black, a 100 percent black-colored aircraft might be rendered visible. By emitting a small amount of blue light, the aircraft blends more effectively into the night sky.
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#2
i want ppt for this can u help me
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#3
[attachment=4730]
optical illusions


How do optical illusions trick our brain?

In order to make sense of the world around us,our brains try
to see patterns or shapes that wee can easily recognize.This
principle is called grouping.Our brain can group things into
four categories.

Types of Illusions

Physical – Due to the disturbance of light between the object and eye of the observer (Refraction).
Examples:Mirage,looming,apparent depth of objects in other media etc.

Mental – Due to psychological disorders such as schizophrenia etc.
Examples:Hallucinations.

Artificial – Due to a system of perception,
past experience with objects,perspective vision,color brightness confusions etc.
Examples:Zollner illusion,Ponzo illusion etc.

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#4
[attachment=4770]
OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE


WHAT IS OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE?

Optical camouflage is a hypothetical type of active camouflage currently only in a very primitive stage of development. The idea is relatively straightforward: to create the illusion of invisibility by covering an object with something that projects the scene directly behind that object .
Optical camouflage is a kind of active camouflage which completely envelopes the wearer. It displays an image of the scene on the side opposite the viewer on it, so that the viewer can "see through" the wearer, rendering the wearer invisible.
Although optical is a term that technically refers to all forms of light, most proposed forms of optical camouflage would only provide invisibility in the visible portion of the spectrum. Prototype examples and proposed designs of optical camouflage devices range back to the late eighties at least, and the concept began to appear in fiction in the late nineties.

When did this all begin?
Tokyo Method:

Professor Tachi from the University of Tokyo first had the idea of developing something to make objects invisible in 1977. But the image was flat & unrealistic . Then he came up with retro-reflective material which causes the coat to act as a screen and gives a transparent - or invisible - effect.


1.Uses camera to capture picture

2. Processes it to a computer

3. Projected onto the reflective cloak
Duke Method:
Duke University is using microwave beam deflection, making it appear almost as if nothing were there at all.

1.Rely on product called “meta-material”
2. The meta-material will influence the electromagnetic waves around it creating a “warped effect.”
3. This creates the invisible effect.



TECHNOLOGY FOCUS

Although optical is a term that technically refers to all forms of light, most
proposed forms of optical camouflage would only provide invisibility in the visible portion of the spectrum.
This technology is currently only in a very primitive stage of development.
Creating complete optical camouflage across the visible light spectrum would require a coating or suit covered in tiny cameras and projectors, programmed to gather visual data from a multitude of different angles and project the gathered images outwards in an equally large number of different directions to give the illusion of invisibility from all angles. For a surface subject to bending like a flexible suit, a massive amount of
computing power and embedded sensors would be necessary to continuously project the correct images in all directions.


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#5


to get information about the topic optical camouflage full report ,ppt and related topic refer the page link bellow

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http://studentbank.in/report-electro-optical-camouflage
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