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Introduction:

The design and implementation of obstacle avoider robot using 8051 Microcontroller is being done. It is programmed to avoid running into obstacles and detects the presence of different objects around it and modifies the motion of the motors appropriately. The objects are sensed by the IR (Infra Red) sensors. The microcontroller controls two DC motors of robot to navigate.
Basic Principle:

The basic principle involved in this is it captures the obstacle presence with IR sensors mounted at the three sides of the robot. When the sensor senses an object, analog signal is given to the op-amp to produce 0s and 1s which are then fed to the microcontroller, then the microcontroller decides the next move according to the program. Microcontroller and driver circuit are used for the control of motors.
SENSOR A SENSOR C


Logic Followed:
Sensor A Sensor B Sensor C Action 0 0 0 FORWARD 0 0 1 LEFT 0 1 0 RIGHT_DIFF 0 1 1 LEFT_DIFF 1 0 0 RIGHT 1 0 1 FORWARD 1 1 0 RIGHT_DIFF 1 1 1 BACK
Kit Used:


Mechanical parts:

Chassis Castor Wheel L-Clamp Motor Wheel
Input and Output devices

Battery Source Sensor Driver IC Microcontroller unit USB-Serial programmer
Source:

An ideal voltage source is a voltage source that maintains the same voltage across the source's terminals no matter what current is drawn from the terminals of the source or what current flows into the terminals.
DC source:

Direct current
(
DC
) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. Direct current is produced by sources such as batteries, solar cells, and commutator-type electric machines of the dynamo type, etc.
Sensor

IR reflective sensors have one emitter (IR LED) and one receiver (Phototransistor or photo diode. If we have white surface it reflects the light and it will sensed by the receiver, similarly if we have black surface it absorbs the light and receiver can not sense light. Photo diode has property that if IR light fall on it its electrical resistance
comes down (i.e. it comes down from 150kΩ to 10kΩ if no noise
present).