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1. OVER ALL VIEW OF RTPP
Fig: Over all view of RTPP
The principle steam generator components are
 Furnace.
 Drum.
 Igniters and oil burners.
 Suit blowers.
 Coal firing and burners.
1. Furnace:
The furnace serves as an enclosure for combustion process. The furnace walls are formed by water filled tubes that contain the upward flow of water and steam. The size of the furnace is determined by the required stem capacity and the characteristics of the fired fuel.
2. Fuel oil pump house:
Two types oil used in Thermal power plants are
 Heavy furnace oil
 Light diesel oil
Heavy furnace oil is used in the boiler whenever there is disturbance and in the starting time. Light diesel oil is costly and it is used in case of emergency.
3. Feeders:
Coal feeders are located between each bunker and its respective pulverizer. The Principle function of a coal is to control the feeder is to control the flow of coal to the pulverizer to meet the stem demand.
 Volumetric feeder
 Gravy –metric feeder
In RTPP, we use Gravy-metric feeder, which is equipped with a belt scale that weight the coal as it passed through the feeder. The associative coal feeder control system measures and records instantaneous coal feed rate and cumulative weight of coal LT motor.
4. Mills:
Mills is one, which grinds down pieces of coal into fine power, which is fed to the boiler furnace.
5. Fans:
Fans are provided throughout the steam electric generation unit to supply air on to exhaust flue gas to meet the needs of various systems. In addition fans are used for building heat and cold prevent contamination due to inter leakage and cooling for a wide variety of equipment form lubricating oil coolers to mechanical draft cooling Towers.
Power plant applications that receive the largest fans for steam generation are:
• Forced draft fan (FD): FD fans supply combustion air to the steam generator.
• Primary air fan (PA): PA fans normally handled relative low-flow and high pressure differentially.
• Induced draft fan (ID): ID fans exhaust combustions products from the steam generator. ID fans control furnace pressure.
6. Drum:
The drum enclosures the steam water interfaces in a boiler and provide convenient point of chemical and removal of dissolved solids from the feed water. Feed water enters into the water tubs of furnace through down comers ,at which water is converted into stem the furnace and this stem is sent into the boiler drum through up risers
This process is natural circulation. Since stem is less than the water , the water while entering the tubes pushes the stem in the drum.
7. Soot blowers:
Coal piping is used for removal of ash deposits from the fireside of heat transfer surface. Wall blowers is used in difficult applications for spot removal of heavy slag, which are located at the furnace knuckle loss in the furnace knuckle loss in the furnace throat, where heavy slag may accumulate.
8. coal piping and burners :
Coal piping conveys the pulverized coal and primary air mixtures to the burners. The pipe arrangement is determined by the burner arrangement in the furnace and types of pulverizes. Two types of burner arrangements are used on large utility boilers.
• Wall fired
• Corner (or) tangentially fired
9. Igniters and burners:
Igniters and warm-up burners are necessary for flame initiation and low load stabilization. That ignition source is high-energy electric spark that starts the igniter. Flame gives ignition energy to oil burner.
10. Turbines :
Steam turbines are used to convert the stem energy this mechanical rotational energy. Major stem turbines are.
• Reaction turbines
• Impulse turbines
Here in RTPP Reaction turbines are used. Major stationary parts of the steam turbine are
• High pressure cylinder
• Intermediate pressure cylinder
• Low –pressure cylinder
11. Valves:
The primary function of stock valves is to provide backup protection for steam turbine.
The primary function of control is to regulate the steam flow to the turbine and thus control the output power of steam turbine generator.
12. Generator-principle:
Heat energy from the boiler is converted in to rotational mechanical energy. The rotational mechanical energy is then converted in to rotational energy in an electrical generator. The basic principal of electrical generator is the laws of electromagnetism.
13. Excitation system:
The purpose of all excitation system i provide DC, to rotating electromagnetic field. The three type’s excitation systems are
1. Static excitation
2. Separate excitation
3. Brush less excitation
Here, we are using brush less excitation system. It consists of permanent magnet generator (PMG), AVR, main exciter and diode wheels.
14. Transformers:
Types of transformers generally used in power plants are
1. Station transformers
2. Power transformers
3. Unit auxiliary transformers.
Station transformer is used when supply to be taken from grid and it is used for plant. Power transformers or generator transformers or generator transformers used to step up the generated voltage and give it transmission line. A unit Auxiliary transformer is used for providing power to Auxiliary system inside the plant, taking part of the generated voltage.