Presented By
Satish Chandra

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MOLETRONICS(AN INVISIBLE TECHNOLOGY)
What is Moletronics?
Usually named as Molecular Electronics.
Moletronics is a branch of applied physics which aims at using molecules as passive or active electronic components.
These molecules will perform the functions that currently performed by semiconductors.
History of Moletronics
Molecular electronics arose in the late 1950s as a visionary program conducted by Westinghouse on behalf of the Air Force.
Molecular electronics reappeared again at IBM in the 1970s and at the Naval Research Laboratory in the 1980s.
Researchers from Hewlett-Packard and the University of California, Los Angeles, announced in July 1999 that they’ve actually made logic circuits that use molecular level chemical processes.
1st electronically configurable molecular based logic gate
Technical Issues forMolecule-Based Computation
Optimists.
Molecules are small
Organic chemistry uses abundant C,N,H,O
A mole of molecules/ems would make a hugely dense machine
Self assembly will solve the
"expensive fab-lines" problem
Molecular structures will be
inexpensive to make (but defective)
FPGA's will provide an approach to configure the machine around defects
Molecules can be arranged into the third dimension
Pessimists
Oxide gates will be 4 atoms thick
Inferior electrical properties relative to Cu, AI, Si, and Si02
Performance will be bounded by heat dissipation limitations
Show me useful self assembly
Making really good devices is less costly than configuring around defects
The machine will be all
interconnects and possible density gains will thus be lost
CMOS is in 2.5 dimensions now ; grain size of poly Si is now bigger than that of a transistor
Advantage over semiconductors
Single-electron memory cell
Some moletronics devices
1. the biphenyl molecule, it works as a rectifying diode:
Traditional Full Adder
Molecular Electronics Full Adder using Molecular Diodes
The Teramac Custom Computer
Capacity to perform 1012 operation in one second. 106 gates operating at 106 cycle/sec
Largest defect-tolerant computer
It has 220,000 hardware defects.
CONCLUSION
The subject of moletronics has moved from mere conjuncture to an experimental stage. Research in moletronics will naturally dominate the next century. Today is the age of information explosion. Polymer materials hold hopes of rapid development of improved systems and techniques of computing and communications. For e.g., polymer optical fibre has a number of advantages over glass fibres like better ductivity ,light weight, higher flexibility is in splicing and insensitivity to stress , etc. all these show that polymers will play a vital role in the coming years and ME shall compete with IC technology which is growing in accordance with Moore’s prediction.