The manufacture of blast furnace iron (BF). The first chapter provides information on the fundamentals and historical development of BF technology and design and its role in the steel industry. Next, the chemical and physical processes in the BF are analyzed with emphasis on the reduction of the loading materials, the processes in the lower BF zone, the flow conditions and the characteristics of the product. The most important recent innovations and future trends are discussed with an emphasis on process efficiency, energy supply and environmental challenges related to the mitigation of CO2 emissions.
Steel technology, including the preparation of raw materials and the use of waste, has undergone marked changes in the last five decades. Manual mining of minerals / minerals has been almost completely replaced by mechanized mining. Therefore, the role of benefit and the size of minerals has increased. The current emphasis is on maximizing the use of mined materials through multiple stages of benefit and agglomeration of fines. While emerging technologies to produce liquid iron are making their advent, blast furnaces continue to be the undisputed source of hot metal production. However, the efficiency of iron manufacture, both in terms of productivity and the quality of the hot metal, has improved markedly.
Gone are the days of open hearth furnaces and Bessemer converters. LD Steelmaking has incorporated a number of improvements, namely combined blowing, dynamic control along with the use of sublance, improved refractories for the coating and treatment of liquid steel spoon. Emerging trends in the area of steel smelting include, horizontal casting, thin casting strip and hot load of unmolded / reheated con-molded products.