modern concept of rural road development
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The Ministry of Rural Development (MORD) launched the "Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)" - Program of rural roads of the prime minister in the year 2000 to connect with roads for all weather all housing with population over 500 (250 in hills, deserts and tribal regions) in the first instance. The program is financed mainly by the Government of India through the Central Highway Fund (CRF) 1, and the loan from multilateral agencies. The PMGSY also covers the improvement of existing roads that serve specific dwellings once connectivity for specific dwellings is achieved. The objectives of PMGSY include a new connectivity to approximately 1.78,000 homes that involve the construction of approximately 3.75,000 km of roads in addition to the improvement of 3.72,000 km of existing rural roads (in poor conditions). This implies an expense of approximately Rs 1, 330 billion (US $ 33 billion). It should be recognized that 161,380 households with a population of less than 500 or 250 are not covered by the PMGSY. In addition, the Government of India has undertaken the construction of infrastructure in rural areas under the Bharat Nirman Program. Its objective is to build 1.46.185 km of rural roads to connect 66,802 non-connected homes during 2005-2009. It is also proposed to update 1.94.12 km of existing roads to ensure the connectivity of the farm to the market within this time frame.