Submitted by:-
Indu saini

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Mobile Routing
 Mobile Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network along which to send data and information. Routing is performed for many kinds of networks:-
a) Telephone network ,
b) Electronic data networks,
c) Transportation networks.
 Routing directs packet forwarding, i.e. transmitting the logically addressed packets from their source toward destination with the help of:- routers, bridges, gateways, firewalls, or switches
History
 The very first device (router), was the Interface Message Processor (used in ARPANET) ,The idea for a router initially came through an International Network Working Group Set up in 1972.
 In 1974 the first Xerox routers became operational. The first true IP router was developed at BBN.
 The first multi protocol routers were independently created by staff researchers at MIT and Stanford in 1981. these routers are still manufactured.
 In 1970s-1980s, general-purpose mini-computers served as routers
Working
Mobile IP has three components:
1. Home agent (HA)-
a) Maintain an association between the home IP address of the MR and the current address of the MR on the foreign network.
b) Redirects packets by tunneling them to the MR while it is away from home (in the foreign network).
2. Foreign agent (FA) –
a) provides a care-of address to the MR.
b) also de- tunnles and delivers packets to the MR that were tunneled by the HA.
3. Mobile router (MR) - A mobile router, moves packets from one network to another, "hides" the IP roaming from the IP hosts connecting through this mobile router so that the local hosts appear to be directly attached to the home network.
 Example network
 Data transfer to the mobile
 Data transfer from the mobile
Type of routers
Broadband Routers
 takes the features of a standard network switch, and joining them with a server and firewall. These are known for their convenience and ease of setting up, for this, they are frequently used in homes or small offices.
 This will typically be used in connection with broadband Internet access, and this includes cabled modems. It allows a number of network activities i.e. LAN gaming, sharing of data. In home networking, It uses the Ethernet standard, cables in order to connect the computers to the modem, then connected to the LAN for the home.
Wireless Routers
 Wireless routers have become popular in recent years because they allow you to connect to a network from anywhere in your home or office, and you don't have to worry about the large mess of cables and wires which are associated with traditional wired networks. It is the only way they can route their internet connection from one location to another. and it functions as a cordless phone base station.
 These are more expensive than the typical wireless router, because they have a much larger range.
ROUTING TABLE
A routing table is a set or rules, viewed in a tabular format
and this used to define the routes of the data packets. Each
packet contains the information of its origin and destination. The routing table contains the following information:-
1)Destination:The IP address of the packet’s final destination.
2)Metric:It assigns the cost to each route so that most effective paths can be picked up.
3)Routes:It includes directly attached direct/indirect subnets but it can be accesses through more hops.
4)Interface:The outgoing network interface thes device should use when forwarding the packet to its final destination.
Communication Between Routers
In a system, a router communicates with the other router using the best intra domain routing protocols, which are known as gateway protocols. Autonomous system are connected via gateways, these exchange information using inter domain routing protocol, which are also called exterior gateway protocols.
Benefits
1)Mobility Solution at the Network Layer :-mobile router operates at the network layer and is independent of the physical layer, it operates transparently over cellular, satellite, and other wireless or fixed media.
2)Always-On Connection to the Internet :-This feature supports an always-on connection to the Internet, providing access to current and changing information. For example, aircraft pilots can access the latest weather updates while flying
3) Versatile :-Any IP-enabled device can be connected to the mobile router LAN ports and achieve mobility. Applications that are not specifically designed for mobility can be accessed and deployed.
4) Dynamic Mobile Networks :-enables dynamic registration of mobile networks, which results in minimal configuration on the home agent making administration and set up easier. When configured for dynamic registration, the mobile router tells the home agent which networks are configured in each registration request.
5) Preferred Path :-a network designer can specify the primary link, based upon bandwidth or priority, to reduce costs or to use a specific carrier.
6) Standards-Based Solution :-Mobile IP complies with official protocol standards of the Internet.
Conclusion
This seminar describes the background information of routers. Various issues concerning different aspects of mobile routing are discussed (i.e. broadband and wireless routers). mobile routing is one of the most important and essential technologies in current The mobile router is a type of router which doesn't need any wireless links. One of its biggest advantages is that it can work with virtually any type of interface. This means that it can be used with Fast Ethernet and Ethernet connections, and the mobile router will be jacked in for a set period of time with multiple locations.