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Mobile Adhoc Network MANET full report


ABSTRACT

Project Title:
An Acknowledgment-Based Approach for the Detection of Routing Misbehavior in MANETs

Introduction:

What is MANET?

As the importance of computers in our daily life increases it also sets new demands for connectivity. Wired solutions have been around for a long time but there is increasing demand on working wireless solutions for connecting to the Internet, reading and sending E-mail messages, changing information in a meeting and so on. There are solutions to these needs, one being wireless local area network that is based on IEEE 802.11 standard. However, there is increasing need for connectivity in situations where there is no base station (i.e. backbone connection) available (for example two or more PDAs need to be connected). This is where ad hoc networks step in.

In Latin, ad hoc means "for this," further meaning "for this purpose only.- It is a good and emblematic description of the idea why ad hoc networks are needed. They can be set up anywhere without any need for external infrastructure (like wires or base stations). They are often mobile and that's why a term MANET is often used when talking about Mobile Ad hoc NETworks. MANETs are often defined as follows: A "mobile ad hoc network" (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile routers (and associated hosts) connected by wireless links - the union of which forms an arbitrary graph. The routers are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily; thus, the network's wireless topology may change rapidly and unpredictably. Such a network may operate in a standalone fashion, or may be connected to the larger Internet. The strength of the connection can change rapidly in time or even disappear completely. Nodes can appear, disappear and re-appear as the time goes on and all the time the network connections should work between the nodes that are part of it. As one can easily imagine, the situation in ad hoc networks with respect to ensuring connectivity and robustness is much more demanding than in the wired case.
Ad hoc networks are networks are not (necessarily) connected to any static (i.e. wired) infrastructure. An ad-hoc network is a LAN or other small network, especially one with wireless connections, in which some of the network devices are part of the network only for the duration of a communications session or, in the case of mobile or portable devices, while in some close proximity to the rest of the network. The ad hoc network is a communication network without a pre-exist network infrastructure. In cellular networks, there is a network infrastructure represented by the base-stations, Radio network controllers,… etc. In ad hoc networks every communication terminal (or radio terminal RT) communicates with its partner to perform peer to peer communication. If the required RT is not a neighbour to the initiated call RT (outside the coverage area of the RT), then the other intermediate RTs are used to perform the communication link. This is called multi-hope peer to peer communication. This collaboration between the RTs is very important in the ad hoc networks. In ad hoc networks all the communication network protocols should be distributed throughout the communication terminals (i.e. the communication terminals should be independent and highly cooperative).