Microoptics
Microoptics is becoming widely used in common life. This technology uses microlenses. The microlenses are used to increase the efficiency of the optical devices. a very small and compact design is led by the use of Fresnel lens that concentrates the light onto a small area and also that of the high power white light LED. high light efficiency and throughput and low consumption are the major advantages that micro optics technology brings forth. Application areas include the endoscopes and lab on chip devices, flashlights of cameras etc.
The telecommunication field uses the optical couplers like VCSEL which can concentrate the lught on the small area in the wave guide. Commonly lithographic, reflow process and replication are used in the manufacture of the microoptics. special illumination designs are generated by a laser or an electron beam acting as the communication source. These designs are impressed in the substrate by the reactive ion process. The waveguide optical structures use lithography, which is also used for the mahufacturing of freespace microoptical elements and diffractive optical elements.
Get the report here:
http://sensofarpdf/App_Notes_Microoptic_%20Metrology.pdf