As the sources of conventionalenergy deplete day by day,resorting to alternative sourcesof energy like solar and wind energyhas become need of the hour.Solar-powered lighting systems arealready available in rural as well as urbanareas. These include solar lanterns,solar home lighting systems, solarstreetlights, solar garden lights andsolar power packs. All of them consistof four components: solar photovoltaicmodule, rechargeable battery, solarcharge controller and load.In the solar-powered lighting system,the solar charge controller playsan important role as the system’soverall success depends mainly on it.It is considered as an indispensablelink between the solar panel, batteryand load.The microcontroller-based solarcharge controller described here hasthe following features:1. Automatic dusk-to-dawn operationof the load2. Built-in digital voltmeter (0V-20Vrange)3. Parallel- or shunt-type regulation4. Overcharge protection5. System status display on LCD6. Deep-discharge protection7. Low battery lock8. Charging current changes to‘pulsed’ at full charge9. Low current consumption10. Highly efficient design based onmicrocontroller11. Suitable for 10-40W solar panelsfor 10A loadThe circuit of the solar charge controlleris shown in Fig. 1. It comprisesmicrocontroller AT89C2051, serial analogue-to-digitalconverterA D C 0 8 3 1 ,optocouplerMCT2E, regulator7805,M O S F E T sBS170 and IRF540N,transistorBC547


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