Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) is a biological technology based on the manipulation of the function or structure, or both, of microbial environments in oil depots. The ultimate goal of MEOR is to improve the recovery of oil trapped in porous media while increasing economic benefits. MEOR is a tertiary petroleum extraction technology that allows the partial recovery of waste from two thirds of the oil, which increases the life of mature oil deposits.
MEOR is a multidisciplinary field that incorporates, among others: geology, chemistry, microbiology, fluid mechanics, petroleum engineering, environmental engineering and chemical engineering. The microbial processes that are developed in MEOR can be classified according to the oil production problem in the field:
• cleaning the well removes the mud and other debris that block the channels where the oil flows;
• well stimulation improves oil flow from the drainage area to the well; Y
• Improved flooding increases microbial activity by injecting selected and sometimes nutrient microbes. From the technical point of view, MEOR is a system integrated by the reservoir, microbes, nutrients and well injection protocol.
Several decades of research and successful applications support MEOR's claims as a mature technology. Despite these facts, the disagreement still exists. Success stories are specific to each field application of MEOR and yet the published information on the economic benefits of support is non-existent. Despite this, there is consensus regarding MEOR as one of the cheapest EOR methods available. However, darkness exists to predict whether the deployment of MEOR will succeed. MEOR is, therefore, one of the future areas of research with high priority identified by the "Task Force on Oil and Gas in the 21st Century." This is probably because MEOR is a complementary technology that can help recover the 377 billion barrels of oil that are unrecoverable by conventional technologies.