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INTRODUCTION
Our Body is a sensitive system.
Many times even doctors aren’t able to interpret the disease. Thus it become too late to cure it.
To remove this problem scientists discovered electronic capsule in 1972.
Use of discrete & relatively large component’s, poor reliability, short lifetimes & low sensitivity makes it outdated.
To overcome all these problems Professor Jon Cooper and Dr Erik Johanessen from Glasgow University, U.K has led to the development of a modern microelectronic pill.
When Microelectronic pill is swallowed, then it will travel through the Gastro Intestinal Tract & simultaneously perform multiparameter in situ physiological analysis
After completing its mission it will come out of the body by normal bowel movement
The pill is 16mm in diameter & 55mm long weighing around 5 gram
It records parameters like temperature, pH, Conductivity, & Dissolved Oxygen in real time.
SILICON DIODE
It measures the body core temperature.
Also compensates with the temperature induced signal changes in other sensors.
It also identifies local changes associated with
TISSUE INFLAMMATION & ULCERS. ION-SELECTIVE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR (ISFET)
The ISFET measures pH.
It can reveal pathological conditions associated with abnormal pH levels
These abnormalities include :
Pancreatic disease
Hypertension
Inflammatory bowel disease
The activity of fermenting bacteria
The level of acid excretion
Reflux of oesophagus
Effect of GI specific drugs on target organs.
DIRECT CONTACT GOLD ELECTRODE
The pair of direct contact Gold electrodes measures conductivity, by measuring the contents of water & salt absorption, bile secretion & the breakdown of organic components into charged colloids etc. in the GI tract.
Since the gold has best conductivity among all the elements, Therefore it gives true value of conductivity as measured.
3 ELECTRODE ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
The three electrode electrochemical cell detects the level of dissolved oxygen in solution.
It measures the oxygen gradient from the proximal to the distal GI Tract
It investigates :
Growth of aerobic or bacterial infection
Formation of radicals causing cellular injury & pathophysiological conditions like inflammation & Gastric ulceration.
It develops 1st generation enzymes linked with amperometric biosensors.