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Circuit breakers have an electrical life and a mechanical life:

The electrical life refers to the average number of times the circuit breaker can trip before failure.
The mechanical life refers to the average number of times the circuit breaker can be manually tripped before failure.
Number of Poles

Another characteristic shared by all product lines is that circuit breakers are available with a varying number of poles, according to the number of phase conductors in the protected circuit:

1-pole: Single phase
2-pole: Two-phase or single phase & neutral
3-pole: Three-phase or two-phase & neutral
4-pole: Three-phase & neutral
The purpose of using a circuit breaker with multiple poles is to make sure all lines are interrupted simultaneously. The use of single-pole circuit breakers for multiple-phase circuits is unacceptable, since only the line compromised by the fault will be cleared, and this can cause a second fault. For instance, a motor can be severely damaged if only one of the phases is disconnected: all three must be disconnected if there is a fault.

This article will provide an overview of the main types of circuit breakers, including their characteristics and applications.

Miniature Circuit Breakers

Miniature circuit breakers (MCB) are characterized by their low current ratings and fixed trip settings. Normally, MCBs have current ratings below 100 Amperes and, as their name implies, they have a compact size. There are three main types of MCBs, classified according to the current range at which they trip instantly.

Type B - Trips at 3 to 5 times rated current, suitable for resistive or slightly inductive loads.
Type C - Trips at 5 to 10 times rated current, suitable for moderate inductive loads.
Type D - Trips a t 10 to 20 times rated current, suitable for loads with a high inductive component.
Based on how they are mounted, MCBs can be divided into two categories.

DIN rail mount
Plug-in
DIN Rail Mount MCB

The main advantage of this type of MCB is versatility: DIN rails are used by many different types of electrical and communications equipment, and they are mainstream in industrial settings. DIN rail MCBs take advantage of this, and as a result they can be easily integrated into nearly any control or protection system.

A disadvantage of this type of MCB is that more work is required for installation, and plug-in MCBs may be a better choice in simple installations without advanced control and protection measures.

DIN Rail Mount MCB Providers

ABB: 1-pole, 2-pole, 3-pole
Allen-Bradley: 1-pole, 2-pole, 3-pole
Eaton: 1-pole, 2-pole, 3-pole
General Electric: 1-pole, 2-pole, 3-pole
Square D: 1-pole, 2-pole, 3-pole, 4-pole
Go here to look at Din Rail Mounts

Plug-In MCB

These MCBs are characterized by ease of installation. As their name implies, they just have to be plugged into a compatible electric panel. Plug-in MCBs are suitable for applications that use circuit breakers exclusively- typically residential and commercial electrical distribution systems.

When using plug-in MCBs it is important to keep in mind that the breakers and the panel must match. This is not an issue when both are of the same brand, so it is highly recommendable to double check the model of the panel when plug-in MCBs will be added to an existing installation.

Plug-in MCB Providers

Square D: 1-pole, 2-pole, 3-pole
Siemens: 1-pole, 2-pole, 3-pole
GE: 1-pole, 2-pole, 3-pole
GE Industrial: 1-pole, 2-pole, 3-pole
Eaton: 1-pole, 2-pole, 3-pole
Molded Case Circuit Breakers

Molded case circuit breakers (MCCB) work on the same principles of thermal-magnetic protection, but they offer some additional features that are not available with MCBs:

MCCBs have adjustable trip settings, so they are suitable when the rated current of a circuit breaker must be fine-tuned according to the actual site conditions.
MCCBs have a much wider range of current ratings: they can be found from ratings below 100 Amps to ratings above 2500 Amps.
Compared with MCBs, molded-case circuit breakers are much larger, given that they must accommodate an adjustable trip mechanism and, in many cases, larger contacts for high-current applications. MCCBs are available in a wide variety of voltage ratings:

240-277 V: Eaton, GE, GE Industrial, Siemens, Square D
480 V: ABB, Allen-Bradley, Eaton, GE, GE Industrial, Siemens, Square D
600 V: ABB, Allen-Bradley, Eaton, GE, GE Industrial, Siemens, Square D
There are two sub-types of MCCBs that are used exclusively for electric motor protection:

Motor protection circuit breaker (MPCB)
Motor circuit protectors (MCP)
Go here to take a look at Molded Case Circuit Breakers

Motor Protection Circuit Breakers (MPCB)

This type of circuit breaker includes both overload protection (thermal or electronic) and fault protection (magnetic). The trip characteristics of an MPCB are specifically designed for the protection of motors, allowing the inrush current but preventing any over-current condition that exceeds it.

Motor Circuit Protector (MCP)

MCPs only offer magnetic protection against fault currents, and therefore their trip is instantaneous. To provide overload protection, it is necessary to complement them with an overload relay and a contactor.

The main advantage of MCPs is that their trip response can be fine-tuned according to the expected inrush current, which may vary according to the type of motor starter used.

MPCB/MCP Providers

Allen-Bradley
Eaton
GE
Hydraulic-Magnetic Circuit Breakers

This type of circuit breaker is used whenever site conditions would interfere with the normal operation of thermal overload protection, including cases such as:

Low temperatures, which might prevent thermal protection from tripping.
High temperatures, which may trip thermal protection without an overload.
Environment moisture, which may absorb heat and affect the operation of thermal protection mechanisms.
Hydraulic-magnetic circuit breakers, whose overload protection is independent on temperature, offer a suitable solution for applications such as marine environments, transportation, generator rooms, and any industrial location with temperature or moisture extremes.

Hydraulic-Magnetic Circuit Breaker Operation

As mentioned before, thermal-magnetic circuit breakers accomplish their protection function through a combination of two elements: an expanding contact for overload protection and an induction coil for fault protection. Hydraulic-magnetic circuit breakers, on the other hand, accomplish both types of protection with an induction coil whose mechanical actuator is dampened by a fluid-filled cylinder.

If there is an overload, which only exceeds the rated current slightly, the induced magnetic field will be weak and the circuit breaker's trip will be delayed due to the dampened cylinder.
If there is a high-current fault, the induced magnetic field is very strong and the dampening effect is overcome instantly- providing an immediate trip.
- See more at: http://thegrid.rexelen-us/product_faqs/w/wiki/141/types-of-circuit-breakers-and-their-applications#sthash.lkj7O8wk.dpuf.