matlab source code for optic disc segmentation
#1

I am looking for detection and elimination of optic disk from retinal image matlab code.please provide me the same.
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#2
matlab source code for optic disc segmentation

Abstract

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of loss of vision in the world. Examining the head of optic nerve (cup-to-disc ratio) is very important for diagnosing glaucoma and for patient monitoring after diagnosis. Images of optic disc and optic cup are acquired by fundus camera as well as Optical Coherence Tomography. The optic disc and optic cup segmentation techniques are used to isolate the relevant parts of the retinal image and to calculate the cup-to-disc ratio. The main objective of this paper is to review segmentation methodologies and techniques for the disc and cup boundaries which are utilized to calculate the disc and cup geometrical parameters automatically and accurately to help the professionals in the glaucoma to have a wide view and more details about the optic nerve head structure using retinal fundus images. We provide a brief description of each technique, highlighting its classification and performance metrics. The current and future research directions are summarized and discussed.

Introduction

Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease in which the optic nerve is gradually damaged. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness after cataract, with approximately 60 million cases reported worldwide in 2010 . It is estimated that by 2020 about 80 million people will suffer from glaucoma . If undiagnosed, glaucoma causes irreversible damage to the optic nerve leading to blindness. Therefore diagnosing glaucoma at early stages is extremely important for an appropriate management of the first-line medical treatment of the disease .

Accurate diagnosis of glaucoma requires three different sets of examinations: (1) evaluation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) using contact or noncontact tonometry also known as “air puff test” or Goldman tonometry, (2) evaluation of the visual field, and (3) evaluation of the optic nerve head damage . Accurate diagnosis of glaucoma requires more control parameters, that is, gonioscopy and assessment of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNF) . Since both elevated-tension glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma may or may not increase the IOP, the IOP by itself is not a sufficient screening or diagnosis method . On the other hand, visual field examination requires special equipment which is usually available only in tertiary hospitals, if they have a fundus camera and OCT . In routine practice, patients with POAG can be manifested with inconsistent reports between SD-OCT and SAP. In elderly, higher C/D ratio, larger cup volume, and lower rim area on SD-OCT appear to be associated with detectable VF damage. Moreover, additional worsening in RNFL parameters might reinforce diagnostic consistency between SD-OCT and SAP .

Therefore, the optic nerve head examination (cup-to-disc ratio) is the most valuable method for diagnosis glaucoma structurally. The visual field test, on the other hand, diagnoses glaucoma functionally through detecting the damages done to the visual field.Determining the cup-to-disc ratio is a very expensive and time consuming task currently performed only by professionals. Therefore, automated image detection and assessment of glaucoma will be very useful. There are two different approaches for automatic image detection of the optic nerve head . The first approach is based on the very challenging process of image feature extraction for binary classification of normal and abnormal conditions. The second and more common approach however is based on clinical indicators such as cup-to-disc ratio as well as inferior, superior, nasal, and temporal (ISNT) zones rule in the optic disc area .

The optic disc is made of 1.2 million ganglion cell axons passing across the retina and exiting the eye through the scleral canal in order to transit the visual information to brain. Examining the optic disc helps clarify the relationship between the optic nerve cupping and loss of visual field in glaucoma . The optic disc is divided into three different areas: neuroretinal rim, the cup (central area), and sometimes parapapillary atrophy . The cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) is the ratio of the vertical diameter of the cup to the vertical diameter of the disc.

Different techniques have been used for optic disc (OD), optic cup (OC), or optic disc with optic cup segmentation. In this paper, we critically review the OD and OC segmentation methodologies that automatically detect OD and OC boundaries. These techniques help professionals with diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma by providing them with clear and accurate information regarding the ONH structure. The uniqueness of this paper is in demonstrating the segmentation methodology by creating a flowchart for each technique. We introduce the algorithms applied to OD and OC segmentation, discuss the pros and cons of each method, and provide suggestions for future research.

The paper is organized in five sections. In Section 2 we describe the materials used for analysis of metrics performance of OD and OC segmentation. In Section 3, the techniques for OD and OC segmentation separately and together are introduced and described. Section 4 provides a brief discussion. We conclude the paper in Section 5.
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