08-10-2013, 01:09 PM
i want to prepare project on this topic i.e
quantum of solid wastes produced in homes and restaurants has increased over time.
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the quantum of solid wastes produced in homes and restaurants has increased over time
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i want to prepare project on this topic i.e
quantum of solid wastes produced in homes and restaurants has increased over time.
22-09-2014, 02:01 AM
13-10-2014, 05:10 AM
Why i m selecting solid waste produce in homes n restaurent n its addvese effec this project..?
21-08-2015, 10:29 PM
22-08-2015, 02:27 PM
Quataum solid waste produce in homes and restaurant
22-08-2015, 02:35 PM
the quantum of solid wastes produced in homes and restaurants has increased over time
Solid wastes are all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and are discarded as useless or unwanted. Generation of solid waste is not a new phenomenon. It is as old as the human civilization. In the early days, before the advent of the industrial revolution, the major constituents of wastes were domestic sewage and agricultural residues, which were biodegradable in nature. Since population was less and fallow land was in plenty, solid wastes could be conveniently disposed off in the countryside either on open ground or were placed in pits covered with layers of earth. Because of their biodegradable nature they used to get decomposed and assimilated in the soil. However, with unparallel industrialization and consequent organization not only has the quantity of the solid waste increased but its quality has also changed. Though rural wastes continue to be made up of domestic wastes and agricultural residues mainly, waste from urban areas and the industrial units contains diverse types of materials that include toxic and hazardous constituents. The discarded waste materials are often reusable and may be considered as resource in another setting. Solid Waste Management is to manage the society’s waste in a manner that meets public health and environmental concerns and the public’s desire to reuse and recycle waste materials.
Solid Waste Management may be defined as the discipline associated with the control of generation, collection, storage, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and other environmental considerations.
The most commonly recognized methods for the final disposal of solid wastes are:
Dumping on land
Dumping in water
Plowing into the soil
Incineration
Waste Generation
Waste generation encompasses activities in which materials are identified as no longer being of value and are either thrown away or gathered together for disposal. For example, the wrapping of a chocolate is usually considered to be of little value to the owner once the chocolate is consumed and thrown away, especially outdoors. It is important in waste generation to note that there is an identification step, which varies with each individual waste. The quantity of solid waste generation depends upon factors such as standard of living, food habits and degree of commercial activities and the quality of the waste also varies seasonally. According to the study carried out by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) during 2000, in Class I cities, the solid waste generation was about 0.4 kg/capita/day. In other cities, the average solid waste generation was 0.2 kg/capita/day. The quantity of waste generation is directly related to increase of urbanization. The present urban population of India is about 25% and is estimated to go up to 60% in 2025. In India currently about 1,00,000 metric tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste is generated in a day!!!
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE
Solid wastes are unwanted materials disposed by mankind. Between 2000 and 2025 the waste composition of Indian garbage will undergo the following changes
Organic Waste will go up from 40 percent to 60 percent
Plastic will rise from 4% to 6%
Metal will escalate from 1% to 4%
Glass will increase from 2% to 3%
Paper will climb from 5% to 15%
Others (ash, sand, grit) will decrease from 47% to 12%
WHAT IS LIQUID WASTE
Liquid waste means sludge resulting from, but not limited to, waste treatment works, air pollution control facility, domestic, commercial, mining, institutional, agricultural, or governmental operations; or other waste materials, including materials to be recycled or otherwise beneficially reused; or septic tank, grease trap, sediment trap, portable toilet, or oil and grease separator pump-outs; or solvents, sewage, industrial waste, hazardous waste, semisolid waste, or potentially infectious waste; or any similar materials which would cause a nuisance if discharged to the ground waters.
Liquid waste generator
means any person or entity whose act or process produces liquid waste, or who by the nature of its operations uses materials in a process which would subsequently require disposal as a liquid waste .
Liquid waste transporters
means any person or entity which carries, conveys, bears or transports any liquid waste in any moving vehicle including but not limited to a car, truck, tank car, railroad car or other vehicle.
Prohibited Liquid Waste
There are a number of waste streams that due to their inherent nature or characteristics can adversely affect the operation of a landfill site and therefore should be prohibited from landfill disposal. The following are recommended as not being suitable for disposal to any type of landfill
Radioactive wastes
Lead acid batteries
Used oil
Explosive, flammable, oxidizing or corrosive substances
TYPES OF SOLID WASTES
Solid waste includes domestic wastes, municipal wastes, commercial wastes, garbage, rubbish, ashes, construction and demolition wastes, industrial wastes, hazardous wastes, hospital wastes and sewage.
Domestic wastes :These wastes are generated by household activities such as cooking, cleaning, repairs, redecoration, empty containers, packaging, clothing, old books, newspapers, old furnishings, etc.
Commercial wastes : Solid wastes generated in offices, wholesale stores, restaurants, hotels, markets, warehouses and other commercial establishments. These are further classified into garbage and rubbish.
Institutional wastes : Wastes generated from institutions such as schools, colleges, hospitals, research institutions. The waste includes garbage, rubbish and hazardous wastes.
Municipal wastes :Wastes generated due to municipal activities and services such as street waste, deadanimals, market waste and abandoned vehicles. Generally, the term is used in a wider sense to incorporate domestic wastes, institutional wastes and commercial wastes.
Garbage: It includes animal and vegetable wastes due to various activities like storage, preparation and sale, cooking and serving. These are biodegradable.
Ashes: Residues from the burning of wood, charcoal and coke for cooking and heating in houses, institutions and small industries. Ashes consist of a fine powdery residue, cinders and clinker often mixed with small pieces of metal and glass.
Rubbish: Apart from garbage and ashes, other solid wastes produced in households, commercial establishments, and institutions are termed as rubbish.
Bulky wastes: Bulky wastes are large household appliances such as cookers, refrigerators and washing machines as well as furniture, crates, vehicle parts, tyres, wood, trees and branches. The bulky metallic wastes are sold as scrap metal but some portion is disposed as sanitary landfills.
Street wastes: Street wastes include paper, cardboard, plastic, dirt, dust, leaves and other vegetable matter collected from streets, walkways, alleys, parks and vacant plots.
Dead animals: It includes animals that die naturally or accidentally killed. It does not include carcass and animal parts from slaughterhouses as these are considered as industrial wastes.
Construction and demolition wastes: India generates about 10 – 12 million tonnes of waste annually. Major components of the construction materials are cement, bricks, cement plaster, steel, rubble, stone, timber, plastic and iron pipes. About 50% of the wastes are not currently recycled in India and 70 % of the construction industry in India is not aware of recycling techniques.
Industrial wastes: These are discarded solid material of manufacturingprocesses and industrial operations and are considered separately from municipal wastes. However, solid wastes from small industries plants and ash from power plants are frequently disposed of at municipal landfills. Major producers of industrial wastes are the thermal power plants producing coal ash, integrated iron and steel mills producing blast furnace slag and steel melting slag, non-ferrous industries like aluminium, zinc and copper producing red mud and tailings, sugar industries generating press mud, pulp and paper industries producing lime and fertilizer and allied industries producing gypsum. Management of industrial solid waste is not the responsibility of local bodies. Industries generating solid wastes have to manage by themselves and are required to obtain prior permission from the respective state pollution control boards under relevant rules.
Solid wastes are all the wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and are discarded as useless or unwanted. Generation of solid waste is not a new phenomenon. It is as old as the human civilization. In the early days, before the advent of the industrial revolution, the major constituents of wastes were domestic sewage and agricultural residues, which were biodegradable in nature. Since population was less and fallow land was in plenty, solid wastes could be conveniently disposed off in the countryside either on open ground or were placed in pits covered with layers of earth. Because of their biodegradable nature they used to get decomposed and assimilated in the soil. However, with unparallel industrialization and consequent organization not only has the quantity of the solid waste increased but its quality has also changed. Though rural wastes continue to be made up of domestic wastes and agricultural residues mainly, waste from urban areas and the industrial units contains diverse types of materials that include toxic and hazardous constituents. The discarded waste materials are often reusable and may be considered as resource in another setting. Solid Waste Management is to manage the society’s waste in a manner that meets public health and environmental concerns and the public’s desire to reuse and recycle waste materials.
Solid Waste Management may be defined as the discipline associated with the control of generation, collection, storage, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and other environmental considerations.
The most commonly recognized methods for the final disposal of solid wastes are:
Dumping on land
Dumping in water
Plowing into the soil
Incineration
Waste Generation
Waste generation encompasses activities in which materials are identified as no longer being of value and are either thrown away or gathered together for disposal. For example, the wrapping of a chocolate is usually considered to be of little value to the owner once the chocolate is consumed and thrown away, especially outdoors. It is important in waste generation to note that there is an identification step, which varies with each individual waste. The quantity of solid waste generation depends upon factors such as standard of living, food habits and degree of commercial activities and the quality of the waste also varies seasonally. According to the study carried out by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) during 2000, in Class I cities, the solid waste generation was about 0.4 kg/capita/day. In other cities, the average solid waste generation was 0.2 kg/capita/day. The quantity of waste generation is directly related to increase of urbanization. The present urban population of India is about 25% and is estimated to go up to 60% in 2025. In India currently about 1,00,000 metric tonnes of Municipal Solid Waste is generated in a day!!!
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE
Solid wastes are unwanted materials disposed by mankind. Between 2000 and 2025 the waste composition of Indian garbage will undergo the following changes
Organic Waste will go up from 40 percent to 60 percent
Plastic will rise from 4% to 6%
Metal will escalate from 1% to 4%
Glass will increase from 2% to 3%
Paper will climb from 5% to 15%
Others (ash, sand, grit) will decrease from 47% to 12%
WHAT IS LIQUID WASTE
Liquid waste means sludge resulting from, but not limited to, waste treatment works, air pollution control facility, domestic, commercial, mining, institutional, agricultural, or governmental operations; or other waste materials, including materials to be recycled or otherwise beneficially reused; or septic tank, grease trap, sediment trap, portable toilet, or oil and grease separator pump-outs; or solvents, sewage, industrial waste, hazardous waste, semisolid waste, or potentially infectious waste; or any similar materials which would cause a nuisance if discharged to the ground waters.
Liquid waste generator
means any person or entity whose act or process produces liquid waste, or who by the nature of its operations uses materials in a process which would subsequently require disposal as a liquid waste .
Liquid waste transporters
means any person or entity which carries, conveys, bears or transports any liquid waste in any moving vehicle including but not limited to a car, truck, tank car, railroad car or other vehicle.
Prohibited Liquid Waste
There are a number of waste streams that due to their inherent nature or characteristics can adversely affect the operation of a landfill site and therefore should be prohibited from landfill disposal. The following are recommended as not being suitable for disposal to any type of landfill
Radioactive wastes
Lead acid batteries
Used oil
Explosive, flammable, oxidizing or corrosive substances
TYPES OF SOLID WASTES
Solid waste includes domestic wastes, municipal wastes, commercial wastes, garbage, rubbish, ashes, construction and demolition wastes, industrial wastes, hazardous wastes, hospital wastes and sewage.
Domestic wastes :These wastes are generated by household activities such as cooking, cleaning, repairs, redecoration, empty containers, packaging, clothing, old books, newspapers, old furnishings, etc.
Commercial wastes : Solid wastes generated in offices, wholesale stores, restaurants, hotels, markets, warehouses and other commercial establishments. These are further classified into garbage and rubbish.
Institutional wastes : Wastes generated from institutions such as schools, colleges, hospitals, research institutions. The waste includes garbage, rubbish and hazardous wastes.
Municipal wastes :Wastes generated due to municipal activities and services such as street waste, deadanimals, market waste and abandoned vehicles. Generally, the term is used in a wider sense to incorporate domestic wastes, institutional wastes and commercial wastes.
Garbage: It includes animal and vegetable wastes due to various activities like storage, preparation and sale, cooking and serving. These are biodegradable.
Ashes: Residues from the burning of wood, charcoal and coke for cooking and heating in houses, institutions and small industries. Ashes consist of a fine powdery residue, cinders and clinker often mixed with small pieces of metal and glass.
Rubbish: Apart from garbage and ashes, other solid wastes produced in households, commercial establishments, and institutions are termed as rubbish.
Bulky wastes: Bulky wastes are large household appliances such as cookers, refrigerators and washing machines as well as furniture, crates, vehicle parts, tyres, wood, trees and branches. The bulky metallic wastes are sold as scrap metal but some portion is disposed as sanitary landfills.
Street wastes: Street wastes include paper, cardboard, plastic, dirt, dust, leaves and other vegetable matter collected from streets, walkways, alleys, parks and vacant plots.
Dead animals: It includes animals that die naturally or accidentally killed. It does not include carcass and animal parts from slaughterhouses as these are considered as industrial wastes.
Construction and demolition wastes: India generates about 10 – 12 million tonnes of waste annually. Major components of the construction materials are cement, bricks, cement plaster, steel, rubble, stone, timber, plastic and iron pipes. About 50% of the wastes are not currently recycled in India and 70 % of the construction industry in India is not aware of recycling techniques.
Industrial wastes: These are discarded solid material of manufacturingprocesses and industrial operations and are considered separately from municipal wastes. However, solid wastes from small industries plants and ash from power plants are frequently disposed of at municipal landfills. Major producers of industrial wastes are the thermal power plants producing coal ash, integrated iron and steel mills producing blast furnace slag and steel melting slag, non-ferrous industries like aluminium, zinc and copper producing red mud and tailings, sugar industries generating press mud, pulp and paper industries producing lime and fertilizer and allied industries producing gypsum. Management of industrial solid waste is not the responsibility of local bodies. Industries generating solid wastes have to manage by themselves and are required to obtain prior permission from the respective state pollution control boards under relevant rules.
14-04-2016, 12:00 AM
(22-09-2014, 02:01 AM)parth sheth Wrote:Can u get pdf. ..?(08-10-2013, 01:09 PM)Guest Wrote: i want to prepare project on this topic i.e
quantum of solid wastes produced in homes and restaurants has increased over time.
I want to prepare project on this topic i.e
quantum of solid wastes produced in homes and restaurants has increased over time.
16-04-2016, 11:41 AM
To get full information or details of the quantum of solid wastes produced in homes and restaurants has increased over time please have a look on the pages
http://studentbank.in/report-the-quantum...#pid173606
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