maths project on shares and dividends class 10
#1

What is the practical utility of project on project on shares and dividend
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#2
Shares

In financial markets an action is a unit of account for various investments. It often refers to the shares of a corporation but it is also used for collective investments such as mutual funds, limited partnerships and real estate investment funds.

Corporations issue shares that are put up for sale to increase the capital stock. The owner of the shares of the corporation is a shareholder (or shareholder) of the corporation. An action is an indivisible unit of capital which expresses the ownership relationship between the company and the shareholder. The denominated value of an action is its nominal value and the total of the nominal value of the shares issued represents the capital of a company which may not reflect the market value of those shares.

The income received from ownership of shares is a dividend. The process of buying and selling shares often involves going through a stockbroker as an intermediary. There are different types of shares such as Capital Shares, Preference Shares, Right Stock Shares, Employee Stock Option Plans and Sweaty Stock Shares.

Shares are valued according to several principles in different markets but a basic premise is that an action is worth the price at which a transaction would likely occur if the shares were sold. The liquidity of the markets is an important consideration as to whether an action can be sold at any given time. In general, it is considered that a real transaction of sale of shares between the buyer and the seller provides the best prima facie market indicator as to the "true value" of the shares at that particular time.

Dividends

A dividend is a payment made by a corporation to its shareholders usually as a distribution of profits. When a corporation makes a profit or a surplus the corporation can reinvest the profits in the business (called retained earnings) and pay a portion of the profit as a dividend to the shareholders. The distribution to shareholders can be in cash (usually a deposit in a bank account) or if the corporation has a dividend reinvestment plan, the amount can be paid by issuing new shares or repurchasing shares.

A dividend is assigned as a fixed amount per share and shareholders receive a dividend in proportion to their shareholding. For the corporation paying dividends is not an expense; rather, it is the division of after-tax profits among shareholders. The retained earnings (profits that have not been distributed as dividends) are shown in the capital section of the shareholders in the company's balance sheet, as well as the issued capital stock. Public companies generally pay dividends on a fixed schedule but can declare a dividend at any time sometimes called a special dividend to distinguish it from the dividends of the fixed schedule. Cooperatives, on the other hand, allocate dividends according to the activity of the members, so their dividends are often considered as a pre-tax expense.
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