mass airflow sensor
#1

A mass airflow sensor is used to determine the mass of air entering the engine. The air mass information is necessary to calculate and deliver the correct fuel mass to the engine. Air is a gas, and its density changes as it expands and contracts with temperature and pressure. In automotive applications, air density varies with the vehicle's operating environment, and is an ideal application for a mass sensor. (See stoichiometric, ideal gas law, and density.)

There are two common types of mass airflow sensors in usage on gasoline engines. They are the vane meter and the hot wire. Neither design employs technology that measures air mass directly. However, with an additional sensor or two, the engine's air mass flow rate can be accurately determined.

Both approaches are used almost exclusively on gasoline burning, EFI (electronic fuel injection) engines. Both sensor designs output a 0 - 5.0 volt signal that is proportional to the air mass flow rate, and both sensors have an IAT sensor (intake air temperature) incorporated into their housings.

When a MAF is used in conjunction with an exhaust gas oxygen sensor, the engine's air/fuel ratio can be controlled very accurately. The MAF sensor provides the open-loop predicted air flow information (the measured air flow) to the engine's ECU, and the EGO sensor provides closed-loop feedback in order to make minor corrections to the predicted air mass.
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#2
mass airflow sensor
The mass airflow sensors converts the air drawn into the engine into a voltage signal. The amount if air taken in is to e known by the ECM for calculating the engine load. Amount of fuel injected, ignition time of the cylinder, timing of shifting the transmission are all decided by this . The airflow sensor is located in the air intake stream, between the throttle body and the air cleaner, so that the amount of incoming air can be sensed.

OPERATION
a hot wire sensing element is utilised by the sensor to measure the amount of air entering the engine.when the incoming air cools the hot wire, a voltage signal is generated by the sensor and is sent to the PCM. The signal is used by the PCM to calculate the injector pulse width which controls the air/fuel ratio in the engine.a thin platinum wire wound on a ceramic bobbin and coated with glass is used as the sensing element in the hot wire type mass airflow meter. This hot wire is maintained at 392°F (200°C) above the ambient temperature as measured by a constant "cold wire''.

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more details are also available at:
http://freeautomechanicmaf-mass-air-flow-sensor.html
http://samarinsglossary/airflow_sensor.html
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