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27-04-2017, 07:49 AM

[b] [/b]Hi am sangeeth i would like to get details on literature survey of night vision technology ..

jaseela123d · 28-04-2017, 11:00 AM

Night vision is the ability to see in low light conditions. Whether through biological or technological means, night vision is possible thanks to a combination of two approaches: sufficient spectral range and sufficient intensity range. Humans have poor night vision compared to many animals, in part because the human eye lacks a tapetum lucidum. Night vision is a technology that gives users a certain amount of vision in total darkness and improved vision in low-light environments.

The most common applications include night driving or flight, night security and surveillance, wildlife observation, sleep laboratory monitoring and search and rescue. Night vision is often used by the military and also has recreational purposes such as use in home video cameras or during night walking.

"And then the troops, unperceived, surrounded the whole city of the desert in that dark night, which was certainly green for them," we must have found such lines in some other article related to the war. Well, as many people know that what the word 'green' does here, very few are able to say the deepest ideas about it. This article takes every inch of that green and explains its cause, the technology of night vision.

Night vision technology, as its name implies, is the experience that makes us able to see at night without using any external light source, such as a torch or a lamp. This technology uses very advanced light-sensitive cameras that produce clear images visible at night that the naked eye can not do. Since the human eye is very sensitive to the green color that falls in the middle of the spectrum, these cameras have green phosphor that gives the green color to the night vision cameras.

History

Night vision technology has been under investigation since the pre-WWII. However, a definite form came after World War II, that is, in the early fifties. This is when Generation-0 for night vision was developed. The devices that emerged during this generation were bulky and expensive. The basic principle followed was the use of light from the InfraRed region for the purpose of viewing. These early devices had their focus on image coverage instead of giving sharp and intensified images. Since the drawbacks were more, the need to have an advanced system was realized promptly and within a decade, Generation-1 of night vision technology marked its presence.

The 1960s was the time when the Vietnam War had taken a fiercer step and victory required a better use of technology. Following the necessity, the inventions in the night vision arose and were quickly adopted by the nations of war. Generation-1 night vision gadgets have no light source unlike the previous generation because they were very advanced to use the little amount of light present in the environment. Despite being less bulky and more efficient, these optical sensors needed moonlight to function properly. The images produced were ambiguous at the edges of the lens. But those who were equipped with this technology gained an advantage over rivals, as it had found no alternatives to protect them or use illuminations throughout the night. Improvements in the image intensifier tube or the ITT were primarily responsible for the evolution of the new generations in night vision technology.

Generation-2 emerged during the 1970s, when some notable achievements in physics and optical phenomena could be transformed into other forms. Devices of this generation were loaded with image intensifiers which were basically photographic cathodes that came along with microchannel or MCP plates. These MCPs detect electrons whose frequency does not come in the visible region of the light spectrum. This pretty much solved the problem of unambiguous images as well as gave a well intensified and resolute image which restricted the life of the tube to be around 1000 hours.

In Generation-3, the arrival of gallium arsenide as a photocathode was observed. This, along with a more advanced ion barrier film, increased the amount at which the image could be intensified by MCP and the life of the enhancer tube also increased by 1000 hours. Generation-3 devices are widely used and serve as the main night vision devices for the US Army.

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